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Salazar, António de Oliveira
Salazar, António de Oliveira (b. 8 Apr. 1889, d. 27 July 1970). Prime Minister of Portugal 1932–68 Born in Vimieiro (Beira Alta), he studied at a Roman Catholic school to prepare for the priesthood, but then decided to study economics instead. He became the star student of Coimbra University and gained a doctorate in finance and economics in 1918. His academic reputation earned him the offer to become Finance Minister, but he accepted the appointment to a professorship at his university instead. He accepted the renewed offer to become Finance Minister in 1926, only to resign a few days later when his demands for sweeping powers were rejected. When Carmona's military regime remained as incompetent in the management of country's finances as its republican predecessors, he was finally offered the Finance Ministry with the authority he demanded. He managed to balance the hitherto chaotic budgets, a feat which gave him sufficient authority to become the dominant figure of the regime. This position was confirmed by his appointment as Prime Minister. He was responsible for establishing the Estado Novo, whereby according to the 1933 Constitution Portugal became a Fascist, corporatist state devoid of political parties or other democratic institutions. Despite the economic and political difficulties arising from the Spanish Civil War (1936–9) and World War II, he enjoyed considerable popularity, as he was seen as a guarantor of stability and prosperity. However, as he became older and increasingly stubborn he failed to see that economic change (despite his conservative economic policies), political repression, and military defeats in the African colonies produced widespread dissatisfaction. He suffered a stroke in 1968, from which he did not recover. He was succeeded by Caetano, who was eventually overwhelmed by the pent-up tensions that had developed under Salazar.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Salazar, António de Oliveira." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Salazar, António de Oliveira." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Salazar, António de Oliveira." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html |
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Salazar, António de Oliveira
Salazar, António de Oliveira (1889–1970),Portuguese politician and professor of economics who became prime minister and virtual dictator of his country from 1932 until he suffered a stroke in 1968. He was inclined towards fascism but detested the Nazis, and impressed one British diplomat as an ascetic who ‘lived the plainest of lives, indifferent and indeed hostile to any ostentation, luxury or personal gain’. Though Portugal is the UK's oldest ally, Salazar maintained a policy of strict neutrality until October 1943 when he allowed the Allies an air base on the Azores. See also Portugal.
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Cite this article
I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Salazar, António de Oliveira." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Salazar, António de Oliveira." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Salazar, António de Oliveira." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html |
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Salazar, António de Oliveira
Salazar, António de Oliveira (1889–1970) Dictator of Portugal (1932–68). In 1932 he became prime minister and assumed dictatorial powers. Imposing a semi-fascist constitution (1933), Salazar held power through the army and secret police, enforcing law and order at the cost of economic progress. He was sympathetic to Franco in Spain, remained neutral in World War 2, and subsequently sought good relations with the West.
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Cite this article
"Salazar, António de Oliveira." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Salazar, António de Oliveira." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html "Salazar, António de Oliveira." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-SalazarAntniodeOliveira.html |
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