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Annaba
ANNABA
Called Bona (or Bône) before the independence of Algeria (1962), Annaba was one of North Africa's major trading posts prior to the French invasion in 1830. Bona itself, where France had obtained certain trading privileges prior to the invasion, was occupied in 1832. The city remained an important trading port throughout the nineteenth century. It was singled out by the French government in the 1950s for a number of major industrial projects, including Algeria's most important steel plant. These were part of the final effort by France—the so-called Constantine plan of 1958—to tie Algeria's postindependence economic development to the métropole (France itself). After independence, Annaba emerged as an important harbor and industrial center. This was based in part on the earlier steel industry that had been started by the French and on heavy industries related to Algeria's socialist strategy adopted shortly after independence. Annaba's population is about 620,000 (2002). BibliographyRuedy, John. Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1992. Dirk Vandewalle |
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Vandewalle, Dirk. "Annaba." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Vandewalle, Dirk. "Annaba." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600248.html Vandewalle, Dirk. "Annaba." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600248.html |
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Annaba
Annaba , formerly Bône (bōn), city (1998 pop. 348,554), capital of Annaba prov., extreme NE Algeria, a port on the Mediterranean Sea. One of the country's leading ports, the city is also an important administrative, commercial, and industrial center. The large El Hadjar steelworks, built with French and Soviet financial and technical aid, constitutes the chief industry; others include chemical (superphosphate) manufacturing, food canning, cork production, and railway construction. Founded by the Phoenicians, the city became a favorite residence of the Numidian kings. Under the Romans, it was called Hippo Regius and was a center of early Christianity, the episcopal see of St. Augustine . The city was captured by the Vandals in 431. After the Arab conquest of Algeria in the 7th cent., Annaba became an important Muslim city and port. Spanish forces occupied it in the 16th cent. During the 17th and 18th cent., Annaba was a busy center for European trade. The French took the city in 1832. Landmarks include the Great Mosque and the Cathedral of St. Augustine. |
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"Annaba." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Annaba." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Annaba.html "Annaba." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Annaba.html |
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Annaba
Annaba, Algeria Hippo Regius, Bône The present name is taken from the Arabic Madīnat al‐᾽Unnāb ‘Town of the Jujube Tree’ which produces edible berries. The original name ‘Royal Hippo’ was coined by the Phoenicians, possibly during the second millennium bc, to denote the presence of royal stables here from the Greek hippos ‘horse’. The port was destroyed by the Vandals in 431, passed to the Byzantine Empire in 533, and was captured by the Arabs in 697. It fell to the French in 1832 when it became known as Bône. It was renamed after independence in 1962.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Annaba." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Annaba." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Annaba.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Annaba." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Annaba.html |
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Annaba
Annaba
•abba, blabber, dabber, grabber, jabber, stabber, yabber
•Alba, Galba
•amber, camber, caramba, clamber, Cochabamba, gamba, mamba, Maramba, samba, timbre
•Annaba, arbor, arbour, barber, Barbour, harbour (US harbor), indaba, Kaaba, Lualaba, Pearl Harbor, Saba, Sabah, Shaba
•sambar, sambhar
•rebbe, Weber
•Elba
•Bemba, December, ember, member, November, Pemba, September
•belabour (US belabor), caber, labour (US labor), neighbour (US neighbor), sabre (US saber), tabor
•chamber • bedchamber
•antechamber
•amoeba (US ameba), Bathsheba, Bourguiba, Geber, Sheba, zariba
•cribber, dibber, fibber, gibber, jibba, jibber, libber, ribber
•Wilbur
•limber, marimba, timber
•winebibber
•calibre (US caliber), Excalibur
•briber, fibre (US fiber), scriber, subscriber, Tiber, transcriber
•clobber, cobber, jobber, mobber, robber, slobber
•ombre, sombre (US somber)
•carnauba, catawba, dauber, Micawber
•jojoba, Manitoba, October, sober
•Aruba, Cuba, Nuba, scuba, tuba, tuber
•Drouzhba • Toowoomba • Yoruba
•Hecuba
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"Annaba." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Annaba." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Annaba.html "Annaba." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Annaba.html |
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