Christianity: General

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Further reading

Alumbrados

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Alumbrados (Span., also known from Lat., as Illuminati). Movements for reform, based on personal holiness and enlightenment, in 16th/17th cent. Spain. At least three different groups have been identified, attracting both educated and uneducated adherents. Because of their supposed connection with Lutheranism, they were fiercely persecuted by the Inquisition; yet prominent figures (e.g. Ignatius Loyola, John of the Cross, Teresa of Avila) were all accused of illuminism, illustrating how close were the goals of holiness for these diverse figures.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Alumbrados.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Alumbrados.html

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Alumbrados

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Alumbrados (also Illuminati, i.e. ‘enlightened’). Loosely knit groups of spiritual persons who lived a retired life of prayer and contemplation in 16th-cent. Spain. It is unclear whether several of them were unorthodox, but some alumbrados were certainly spiritually unbalanced and were treated severely by the Inquisition; others have been canonized.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Alumbrados.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alumbrados." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Alumbrados.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Heresy and Mysticism in Sixteenth-Century Spain: The Alumbrados.(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Theological Studies; 9/1/1994
	A New Companion to Hispanic Mysticism.(Book review) Magazine article from: Theological Studies; 12/1/2011
	Multiplication of the loaves; John 6:1-15.(Opinion & Editorial) Newspaper article from: Manila Bulletin; 7/26/2003