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Aṅga

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Aṅga (Skt., ‘limb, part’).
1. The eight steps of Rāja-Yoga in Hinduism.

2. A Jain term to denote the twelve ‘limbs’ of revered and basic texts. Among Jains, ‘scripture’ is a fluid, even a contested, concept (see DIGAMBARA). The Śvetāmbara have a ‘canon’, defined by 19th-cent, European scholars as the ‘45 text canon’, but while this defines the core texts, more texts are revered, and groups among the Śvetāmbara do not identify identical texts. Nevertheless, the basic texts for both Digambara and Śvetāmbara are the Twelve Aṅgas, but Śvetāmbara believe (xii) below to be lost: (i) Ācāra-aṅga (‘Behaviour’, rules for ascetics); (ii) Sūtrakṛta-aṅga (‘On Heretical Views’, attitudes to rituals, and to other views); (iii) Sthāna-aṅga (‘Possibilities’, options especially, in relation to jīva, and numerical descriptions; (iv) Samavāya-aṅga (‘Combinations’, similarities, as in (iii), also describing the aṅgas); (v) Digambara, Vyākhyā-prajñapti-aṅga; Svetāmbara, Bhagavatī-aṅga (‘Explanations Expounded’, 60,000 questions, and answers, to, and from, the tīrthaṅkaras); (vi) Jñātradharma-katha-aṅga (‘Accounts of Jñāna and Dharma’); (vii) Upāsa-kādhayna-aṅga (‘Ten Chapters on Lay Responsibilities’, the vows and rules of conduct for lay people, especially for the eleven stages of a householder's life); (viii) Antakṛddaśā-aṅga (‘Ten Chapters on End-Achievers’, the extreme methods of ten ascetics who freed themselves from karma); (ix) Anuttaraupapādikadaśa-aṅga (‘Ten Chapters on Arisers in Heaven’, on ten ascetics who are reborn in the five heavens, anuttaravimāna); (x) Praśnavyākaraṇa-aṅga (‘Questions and Expositions’, instructions on how to reply to questions); (xi) Vipākasūtra-aṅga (‘Text on Ripening’, an exploration of Karma); (xii) Dṛṣṭipravāda-aṅga (‘Disputation about Views, parts only, divided into five parts, Parikarma (on the geography of earth and sky), Sūtra (on false views), Prathamānuyoga (on sixty-three illustrious figures), fourteen Pūrvagata (in fourteen sections), and five Cūlikā (on magical skills).

Associated with the twelve aṇgas, are for Śvetāmbara, twelve dependent texts (upaṅgas). Also revered are six Cedasūtras, four Mūlas (‘Root’) sūtras (the foundation of an ascetic life), ten Prakīrṇakas and two Cūikāsūtras. The Śvetāmbara ‘canon’ is said to have been fixed at the Assembly at Valabhī (453 or 466 CE), but there is no list of what was actually agreed.

3. In Buddhism, the nine (or twelve) ‘branches’ within the canon of literary types: sutta (sūtra), geyya (recitation), veyyākaraṇa (prophecies), gāthā (verse), udāna (solemn pronouncement), ittivuttaka (discourses beginning, ‘This has been said by the master’), jātaka, abhutadhamma (stories of accomplishments), vedalla (analysis and explication). In N. (Skt.) Buddhism the three additional aṅgas are nidāna (linking introduction), avadāna (biographies), and upadeśa (explanations).

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JOHN BOWKER. "Aṅga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Aṅga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Aga.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Aṅga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Aga.html

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Aṅga

A Dictionary of Buddhism | 2004 | | Copyright

Aṅga. Once a small independent kingdom, located within present-day eastern Bihar, it was absorbed into the Magadhan Empire by King Bimbisāra.

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DAMIEN KEOWN. "Aṅga." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

DAMIEN KEOWN. "Aṅga." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-Aga.html

DAMIEN KEOWN. "Aṅga." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-Aga.html

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aga

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

aga, agha Ottoman title. XVI. — Turk. ağa master, lord.

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T. F. HOAD. "aga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "aga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-aga.html

T. F. HOAD. "aga." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-aga.html

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AGA

A Dictionary of Nursing | 2008 | Copyright

AGA adj. appropriate for gestational age.

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"AGA." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"AGA." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-AGA.html

"AGA." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-AGA.html

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Aga

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Aga •blagger, bragger, dagger, flagger, Jagger, lagger, nagger, quagga, saggar, shagger, stagger, swagger •alga, realgar, Trafalgar •anger, clangour (US clangor), Katanga, languor, manga, panga, sangar, tanga, Tauranga, Zamboanga •sandbagger • carpetbagger • Erlanger •Aga, Braga, dagga, dargah, laager, lager, naga, Onondaga, raga, saga •beggar, eggar, Gregor, mega, Megger •Edgar • Helga • Heidegger •bootlegger •Jaeger, maigre, Meleager, Noriega, Ortega, rutabaga, Sagar •Antigua, beleaguer, bodega, eager, intriguer, leaguer, meagre (US meager), reneger, Riga, Seeger, Vega •chigger, configure, digger, figure, Frigga, jigger, ligger, rigger, rigor, rigour, snigger, swigger, transfigure, trigger, vigour (US vigor) •churinga, finger, linger, malinger •gravedigger • ladyfinger • forefinger •omega • vinegar • Honegger •outrigger • Minnesinger •Auriga, Eiger, liger, saiga, taiga, tiger

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AGA

The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations | 1998 | | Copyright

AGA Military air-to-ground-to-air
• Amateur Gymnastics Association
• American Gas Association
• American Genetic Association
• Obstetrics appropriate for gestational age
• Australian Garrison Artillery

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FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "AGA." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "AGA." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-AGA.html

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Aga

The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations | 1998 | | Copyright

Aga (ˈɑːgə) Aktiebolaget Gasackumulator (cooker)

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FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "Aga." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "Aga." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-Aga.html

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