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Ethical Culture movement
Ethical Culture movement originating in the Society for Ethical Culture, founded in New York City in 1876, by Felix Adler . Its aim is "to assert the supreme importance of the ethical factor in all relations of life, personal, social, national, and international, apart from any theological or me...
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ethics
ethics in philosophy, the study and evaluation of human conduct in the light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewed either as the standard of conduct that individuals have constructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its memb...
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Aristotle
Aristotle , 384-322 BC, Greek philosopher, b. Stagira. He is sometimes called the Stagirite.
Life
Aristotle's father, Nicomachus, was a noted physician. Aristotle studied (367-347 BC) under Plato at the Academy and there wrote many dialogues that were praised for their eloquence. Only fr...
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Felix Adler
Felix Adler ăd´ler , 1851-1933, American educator and leader in social welfare, founder of the Ethical Culture movement , b. Germany. He was brought to the United States as a small child, was graduated from Columbia in 1870, and afterward studied in Germany. In 1876 he established the N...
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ahimsa
ahimsa [Sanskrit,=noninjury], ethical principle of noninjury to both men and animals, common to Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. Ahimsa became influential in India after 600 BC, contributing to the spread of vegetarianism. In modern times, the implications of ahimsa were developed in the nonviolenc...
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Richard Cumberland
Richard Cumberland 1631-1718, English philosopher. He was bishop of Peterborough from 1691. In his De legibus naturae [on natural laws] (1672) he first propounded the doctrine of utilitarianism and opposed the egoistic ethics of Thomas Hobbes.
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Leonard Nelson
Leonard Nelson 1882-1927, German philosopher. On the faculty of the Univ. of Göttingen from 1909, he was interested in the use of critical method to establish a scientific foundation for philosophy and in the systematic development of philosophical ethics. Nelson viewed Immanuel Kant's Critiq...
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Henry Sidgwick
Henry Sidgwick , 1838-1900, English philosopher. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and taught moral philosophy there from 1869 until 1900. The basis of his thought was British utilitarianism. Analyzing the intuitionist and utilitarian arguments, he indicated their interrelationship by showin...
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egoism
egoism , in ethics, the doctrine that the ends and motives of human conduct are, or should be, the good of the individual agent. It is opposed to altruism , which holds the criterion of morality to be the welfare of others. The term has been variously used, from the benevolent self-interest of the ...
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Dietrich Bonhoeffer , 1906-45, German Protestant theologian. Bonhoeffer, influenced early by the thinking of the young Karl Barth , urged a conformation to the form of Jesus as the suffering servant in a total commitment of the self to the lives of others. His ethical thinking led him to become an ...
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