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communication theory
communication theory see information theory .
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hypnotism
hypnotism [Gr.,=putting to sleep], to induce an altered state of consciousness characterized by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility. The term was originally coined by James Braid in 1842 to describe a phenomenon previously known as animal magnetism or mesmerism (see Mesmer , Friedrich An...
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Antoine Augustin Cournot
Antoine Augustin Cournot , 1801-77, French mathematician and economist. He developed mathematical theories of chance and probability and was one of the first to attempt the application of mathematics to economic problems. His writings include Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theor...
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Auguste Laurent
Auguste Laurent , 1808-53, French organic chemist. He devised a systematic nomenclature for organic chemistry. His studies on naphthalene and its chlorination products led him to propose a nucleus theory that foreshadowed modern structural chemistry; he proposed that the structural grouping of atoms...
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Arthur Cayley
Arthur Cayley , 1821-95, English mathematician. He was admitted to the bar in 1849. In 1863 he was appointed first Sadlerian professor of mathematics at Cambridge. His researches, which covered the field of pure mathematics, included especially the theory of matrices and the theory of invariants. Th...
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domino theory
domino theory the notion that if one country becomes Communist, other nations in the region will probably follow, like dominoes falling in a line. The analogy, first applied (1954) to Southeast Asia by President Dwight Eisenhower, was adopted in the 1960s by supporters of the U.S. role in the Viet...
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Christine Ladd-Franklin
Christine Ladd-Franklin 1847-1930, American scientist, b. Windsor, Conn., grad. Vassar 1869. She was the first woman student to enter Johns Hopkins (1878), her special studies being directed toward logic and the theory of color. She studied in Göttingen (1891-92) and worked in Helmholtz's labo...
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phlogiston theory
phlogiston theory , hypothesis regarding combustion. The theory, advanced by J. J. Becher late in the 17th cent. and extended and popularized by G. E. Stahl, postulates that in all flammable materials there is present phlogiston, a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is given off in...
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John Forbes Nash, Jr.
John Forbes Nash, Jr. 1928-, American mathematician, b. Bluefield, W.Va., grad. Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon Univ., B.A. and M.A. 1948), Ph.D. Princeton 1950. During a five-year period, beginning with his doctoral thesis in 1949, he established the mathematical principles o...
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theory
the·o·ry
/ ˈ[unvoicedth]ēərē; ˈ[unvoicedth]i(ə)rē/
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n.
(pl. -ries)
a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, esp. one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explaine...
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