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Westphalia
Westphalia , Ger. Westfalen, region and former province of Prussia, W Germany. Münster was the capital of the province. After 1945 the province was incorporated into the West German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, now a state in reunified Germany. The region of Westphalia occupies, roughly, ...
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Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia 1648, general settlement ending the Thirty Years War . It marked the end of the Holy Roman Empire as an effective institution and inaugurated the modern European state system. The chief participants in the negotiations were the allies Sweden and France; their opponents, Spain a...
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North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia , Ger. Nordrhein-Westfalen , state (1994 pop. 17,759,000), 13,111 sq mi (33,957 sq km), W central Germany. Düsseldorf is the capital. The state is bounded by Belgium and the Netherlands in the west, Lower Saxony in the north and east, Hesse in the southeast, and Rhinelan...
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Peace of the Pyrenees
Peace of the Pyrenees 1659, treaty ending the warfare between France and Spain that, continuing after the Peace of Westphalia, had been complicated by French intervention in the revolt of the Catalans (1640-52) and by Spanish intervention in the Fronde . Together with the Peace of Westphalia, it m...
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Eschweiler
Eschweiler , city (1994 pop. 55,790), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, near Aachen. Its manufactures include lignite, iron, steel, rubber goods, limestone, textiles, and plastics. Known in the 9th cent., Eschweiler passed to the duchy of Jülich in 1420 and to Prussia in 1815. Noteworthy struc...
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Hagen
Hagen , city (1994 pop. 214,880), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, on the Ennepe River. It is an industrial center in the Ruhr district. Its manufactures include iron and steel, chemicals, machinery, paper, and textiles. Hagen was chartered in 1746 and became famous for its textiles in the late 18...
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Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze , 1784-1864, German architect and landscape and portrait painter. He was court architect to Jérôme Bonaparte of Westphalia and to Louis I of Bavaria, for whom he built many structures in the Italian Renaissance and neo-classical styles. His chief works in Munich were the ...
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Hans Scharoun
Hans Scharoun , 1893-1972, German architect. A member of the expressionist circle, Scharoun used a dynamic, sculptural approach to design throughout his long career. He conceived the Geschwister Scholl High School in Lunen, Westphalia (1962), as a complex of apartmentlike classrooms, built to create...
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Brunswick
Brunswick , Ger. Braunschweig , former state, central Germany, surrounded by the former Prussian provinces of Saxony, Hanover, and Westphalia. The region of Braunschweig is situated on the North German plain and in the northern foothills of the Harz Mts. The land is drained by the Leine and Oker ri...
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Herford
Herford , city (1994 pop. 65,680), North Rhine-Westphalia, NW Germany, on the Werre River. Its manufactures include cigars, textiles, chocolate, carpets, machinery, and metal products. The city is also a major producer of furniture in Germany. Herford developed around a 13th-century church (still st...
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