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ultimatum
ultimatum , in international law, final, definitive terms submitted by one disputant nation to the other for immediate acceptance or rejection. Since refusal to accept the terms may lead to war or hostile measures, an ultimatum usually constitutes a conditional declaration of war. An ultimatum is... Read more |
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Graf von Leopold Berchtold
Leopold Berchtold, Graf von , 1863-1942, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (1912-15). During the Balkan Wars he successfully worked for the creation of an independent Albania to block Serbian access to the Adriatic Sea. After the assassination (June 28, 1914) of Archduke Francis Ferdinand at... Read more |
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Esmeralda
Esmeralda (1881), a play by Francis Hodgson Burnett, William Gillette. [Madison Square Theatre, 350 perf.] Esmeralda Rogers ( Annie Russell), a winsome North Carolina farm girl, falls in love with her rugged, good‐natured neighbor, Dave Hardy ( Eben Plympton), but her ambitious mother,... Read more |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk , separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest , Belarus). After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter negotiations were conducted by Leon Trotsky for Russia, Richard von... Read more |
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Francis Ferdinand
Francis Ferdinand 1863-1914, Austrian archduke, heir apparent (after 1889) of his uncle, Emperor Francis Joseph. In 1900 he married a Czech, Sophie Chotek. She was made duchess of Hohenberg, but because she was of minor nobility their children were barred from succession. Laboring to transform the... Read more |
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belligerency
belligerency , in international law, status of parties legally at war. Belligerency exists in a war between nations or in a civil war if the established government treats the insurgent force as if it were a sovereign power. The rules of international law as formulated at the Hague Conferences ... Read more |
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Twenty-one Demands
Twenty-one Demands (1915), instrument by which Japan secured temporary hegemony over China. Japan used its declaration of war against Germany (Aug., 1914) as grounds for invading Kiaochow, the German leasehold in Shandong prov., China. Disregarding the Chinese request to withdraw, Japan secretly... Read more |
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Gulf War
Gulf War (January 16, 1991–February 28, 1991) Military action by a US-led coalition of 32 states to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait (August 2, 1990) and claimed it as an Iraqi province. On August 7, 1990, Operation Desert Shield began a mass deployment of... Read more |
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condemn
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Ingushetia
Ingushetia or Ingush Republic , republic, c.1,240 sq mi (3,210 sq km), Russian Federation, in the N Caucasus. The capital (since 2003) is Magas, a new city in the suburbs of Nazran, the former capital. Ingushetia comprises roughly the western fifth of the former Chechen-Ingush Republic (see ... Read more |
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