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	Alexius I Alexius I (Alexius Comnenus) , 1048-1118, Byzantine emperor (1081-1118). Under the successors of his uncle, Isaac I , the empire had fallen prey to anarchy and foreign invasions. In 1081, Alexius, who had become popular as a general, overthrew Nicephorus III and was proclaimed emperor. The most... Read more
	Nadir Shah Nadir Shah or Nader Shah , 1688-1747, shah of Iran (1736-47), sometimes considered the last of the great Asian conquerors. He was a member of the Afshar tribe. Although taken prisoner by the Uzbeks while he was still a child, he escaped and entered the service of the governor of Khorasan. There... Read more
	Muhammad Zahir Shah Muhammad Zahir Shah , 1914-2007, last king of Afghanistan. In 1933 he became king after his father, Muhammad Nadir Shah, was assassinated. During his reign power was exercised mainly by the king's uncles and a cousin, serving as prime ministers, until 1963, when the king asserted his power. Zahir... Read more
	Larnaca Larnaca (Greek: Lárnax; Turkish: Lârnaka), Cyprus Kitium/Kition, Khittim, Salina, Zeno Settled by the Phoenicians during the 9th century bc, the present name is derived from the Greek lárnax ‘funerary urn’ or ‘sarcophagus’, due to a large number of tombs... Read more
	Ahmad Shah Ahmad Shah , c.1723-1773, Afghan ruler (1747-73), founder of the Durani dynasty. His success in commanding Afghan forces in India for Nadir Shah of Iran won him the rule of Afghanistan on Nadir's death (1747). He twice (1756, 1760) occupied and sacked Delhi, the capital of the Mughal empire. He... Read more
	Makarios III Makarios III , 1913-77, Orthodox Eastern archbishop and Cypriot statesman, first president of Cyprus (1960-77). Born Michael Mouskos, Makarios was elected bishop of Kition in 1948 and archbishop of Cyprus in 1950. Leader of the Greek Cypriots in the movement for enosis (union with Greece), he was... Read more
	Teucer Teucer , in Greek mythology. 1 Ancestor and king of the Trojans, who are also called the Teucri. He was the father-in-law of Dardanus. 2 Son of Telamon and Hesione. He was the greatest archer in the Trojan War and a faithful comrade of his half brother, the Telamonian Ajax. When he returned home... Read more
	Cyprus Cyprus , Gr. Kypros, Turk. Kubrus, officially Republic of Cyprus, republic (2005 est. pop. 780,000), 3,578 sq mi (9,267 sq km), an island in the E Mediterranean Sea, c.40 mi (60 km) S of Turkey and c.60 mi (100 km) W of Syria. The capital and largest city is Nicosia . In addition to the... Read more
	Nicosia Nicosia , Gr. Levkosia, Turkish Lefkoşa, city (1992 pop. 177,410), capital of Cyprus, on the Pedieos River in the central plain of the island. It is also the center of an administrative district, part of which is in the Turkish sector. Nicosia, the country's largest city, is an agricultural... Read more
	Saint Mark Saint Mark [Lat. Marcus ], Christian apostle, traditional author of the 2d Gospel (see Mark, Gospel according to ). His full name was John Mark. His mother, named Mary, had a house in Jerusalem, which the Christians used as a meeting place. Mark accompanied St. Paul and St. Barnabas, who was his... Read more