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	Leonardo Fibonacci Leonardo Fibonacci , b. c.1170, d. after 1240, Italian mathematician, known also as Leonardo da Pisa. In Liber abaci (1202, 2d ed. 1228), for centuries a standard work on algebra and arithmetic, he advocated the adoption of Arabic notation. In Practica geometriae (1220) he organized and extended... Read more
	Bartolomeo Suardi Suardi, Bartolomeo, called Bramantino (c.1465–1530). Milanese painter and architect. He was influenced by Bramante and Leonardo da Vinci, and worked in Rome (1508–13) where he studied antiquities. He later made a study of old buildings in Milan. While his paintings often feature... Read more
	drawing drawing art of the draftsman. In its broadest sense it includes every use of the delineated line and is thus basic to the arts of painting, architecture, sculpture, calligraphy, and geometry. The word drawing is commonly used to denote works in pen, pencil, crayon, chalk, charcoal, or similar... Read more
	Mariotto Albertinelli Mariotto Albertinelli , 1474-1515, Italian painter. A product of the Florentine school of the High Renaissance, Albertinelli was influenced by Leonardo and Raphael. His best-known works are The Visitation (1503; Uffizi) and The Annunciation (1510; Accademia, Florence).... Read more
	Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio , 1467-1516, Italian painter, b. Milan. He was a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, whose style he adhered to faithfully. There are examples of Boltraffio's work in Milan; the National Gallery, London; and the Louvre.... Read more
	sfumato sfumato (Italian: ‘faded away’, from fumo ‘smoke’). Term used to describe the blending of tones or colours so subtly that they melt into one another without perceptible transitions—in Leonardo's words, ‘without lines or borders, in the manner of... Read more
	Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci , 1452-1519, Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist, b. near Vinci, a hill village in Tuscany. The versatility and creative power of Leonardo mark him as a supreme example of Renaissance genius. He depicted in his drawings, with scientific precision... Read more
	Girolamo Cardano Cardano, Girolamo (b. Pavia, Italy, 24 September 1501; d. Rome, Italy, 21 September 1576), medicine, mathematics, physics, philosophy. Cardano was the illegitimate son of Fazio Cardano and Chiara Micheri, a widow of uncertain age who was both ignorant and irascible. The early years of his life... Read more
	Quentin Massys Quentin Massys , c.1466-1530, Flemish painter. After studying in Louvain, he moved to Antwerp by 1491, remaining in that city throughout his life. Influences of Italian art, especially of Leonardo da Vinci, may be seen in his work, particularly in the delicate modeling, the subtle nuances of tone,... Read more
	Jacopo da Pontormo Jacopo da Pontormo , 1494-1556, Florentine painter, one of the creators of mannerism . His real name was Jacopo Carrucci. He studied with Andrea del Sarto , Leonardo da Vinci , Mariotto Albertinelli , and Piero di Cosimo . While studying with Sarto, Pontormo met Il Rosso , who became his main... Read more