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Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner , 1912-2006, president and dictator of Paraguay (1954-89). Of a German Paraguayan family, he was commissioned an officer (1932) and fought in the Chaco War (1932-35). Named commander in chief of the armed forces (1951), he engineered the coup (1954) that toppled Federico... Read more |
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Muhammad Zahir Shah
Muhammad Zahir Shah , 1914-2007, last king of Afghanistan. In 1933 he became king after his father, Muhammad Nadir Shah, was assassinated. During his reign power was exercised mainly by the king's uncles and a cousin, serving as prime ministers, until 1963, when the king asserted his power. Zahir... Read more |
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , d. 1282, Welsh prince, grandson of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth . He succeeded (1246) his uncle, David II, as ruler of North Wales and in 1247, with his brother Owen as coruler, did homage to Henry III of England, surrendering to him a large part of their territory. In 1256, having... Read more |
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tango
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Sassanid
Sassanid Sasanid , or Sassanian , last dynasty of native rulers to reign in Persia before the Arab conquest. The period of their dominion extended from c.AD 224, when the Parthians were overthrown and the capital, Ctesiphon , was taken, until c.640, when the country fell under the power of... Read more |
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Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus)
Severus or Septimius Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus) , 146-211, Roman emperor (193-211), b. Africa. He was campaigning in Pannonia and Illyria when the emperor Commodus was murdered. His successor, Pertinax , lasted three months before he too was assassinated. The Pretorian guards... Read more |
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Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev
Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev , 1857-1918, Russian general, chief of staff (1915-17) of Czar Nicholas II . With other officers he urged the czar to abdicate in favor of the czarevich in order to save the dynasty prior to the Russian Revolution. Alekseyev was briefly chief of staff in the... Read more |
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Cartimandua
Cartimandua , fl. 1st cent. AD, British queen of the Brigantes. Ruler of the largest and most powerful tribe in Roman Britain (inhabiting the area that is now Yorkshire), she surrendered Caractacus to the Romans (AD 51). The Romans supported her rule as a client-queen in order to stabilize the... Read more |
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David Dacko
David Dacko , 1930-2003, president of the Central African Republic (1960-66, 1979-81). A leader in the independence movement in French Equatorial Africa, he became the first president of the newly independent Central African Republic. He was toppled from power in 1966 by Jean-Bédel Bokassa... Read more |
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Moktar Ould Daddah
Moktar Ould Daddah , 1924-2003, president of Mauritania (1961-78). He became premier when Mauritania joined the French Community (1958). Elected president when Mauritania gained independence (1961), he identified the nation with Arab North Africa. Reelected four times, he was overthrown in a coup in... Read more |
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