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Birmingham Political Union
Birmingham Political Union. Formed in 1830 by Thomas Attwood to press for parliamentary reform as a remedy for economic distress and inspired by the successful campaign for catholic emancipation. Led by local businessmen and manufacturers, the BPU aimed to unite middle- and working-class reformers... Read more |
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Reform
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John George Lambton 1st earl of Durham
John George Lambton Durham, 1st earl of , 1792-1840, British statesman. A stormy liberal career in Parliament (1813-32), which earned him the nickname Radical Jack, culminated in the important role he played in drafting the Reform Bill of 1832 and forcing it through the House of Lords. After the... Read more |
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Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland (Stephen Grover Cleveland), 1837-1908, 22d (1885-89) and 24th (1893-97) President of the United States, b. Caldwell, N.J.; son of a Presbyterian clergyman. Cleveland's independence and conscientiousness in office marked him as a man of courage and personal integrity. Early Career... Read more |
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Conservative party
Conservative party British political party, formally the Conservative and Unionist party and a continuation of the historic Tory party. The Rise of the Conservative Party The name "conservative" was used by George Canning as early as 1824 and was first popularized by John Wilson Croker in... Read more |
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Joseph Hume
Joseph Hume 1777-1855, English politician and reformer. Although a Tory in early life, he sat in Parliament from 1818 to 1855 (with only one interruption) as an indefatigable Radical. Hume was a leader in almost all the reform issues of the day. He fought for repeal of the Combination Acts (laws... Read more |
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John Bright
John Bright 1811-89, British statesman and orator. He was the son of a Quaker cotton manufacturer in Lancashire. A founder (1839) of the Anti-Corn Law League, he rose to prominence on the strength of his formidable oratory against the corn laws . A staunch laissez-faire capitalist, and, with... Read more |
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William Lamb 2d Viscount Melbourne
William Lamb Melbourne, 2d Viscount , 1779-1848, British statesman. He entered Parliament as a Whig in 1805, was (1827-28) chief secretary for Ireland, and entered (1828) the House of Lords on the death of his father. As home secretary (1830-34) for the 2d Earl Grey, his vigorous suppression of... Read more |
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Pacification
Pacification is a controversial and complex issue in American military history. It is controversial because it denotes U.S. policy toward hostile populations that are either the primary or secondary object of war itself. It is complex because it describes simultaneous military, political, and... Read more |
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Richard Oastler
Oastler, Richard (1789–1861). Factory reformer and anti-Poor Law agitator. Born in Leeds, the son of a leading Wesleyan, Oastler was educated by the Moravians at Fulneck, but became Church of England when he succeeded his father in 1820 as steward for Thomas Thornhill, the absentee... Read more |
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