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Catherine I
Catherine I 1683?-1727, czarina of Russia (1725-27). Of Livonian peasant origin, Martha Skavronskaya was a domestic when she was captured (1702) by Russian soldiers. As mistress of Aleksandr D. Menshikov she met Czar Peter I (Peter the Great), who made her his mistress. After her conversion... Read more |
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Anastasia
Anastasia (Anastasia Nikolayevna) , 1901-18, youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II , last of the Russian czars. She was killed with the rest of her immediate family after the Russian Revolution, but several women later claimed to be her.... Read more |
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Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev
Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev , 1857-1918, Russian general, chief of staff (1915-17) of Czar Nicholas II . With other officers he urged the czar to abdicate in favor of the czarevich in order to save the dynasty prior to the Russian Revolution. Alekseyev was briefly chief of staff in the... Read more |
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kremlin
kremlin , Rus. kreml, citadel or walled center of several Russian cities; the most famous is in Moscow. During the Middle Ages, the kremlin served as an administrative and religious center and offered protection against military attacks. Thus a kremlin constituted a city in itself, containing... Read more |
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Boris III
Boris III 1894-1943, czar of Bulgaria (1918-43), son of Czar Ferdinand , on whose abdication he succeeded to the throne. He ruled constitutionally until 1934, then set up a military dictatorship under his premier, Kimon Georgiev, and in 1935 began his personal dictatorship. He turned toward the... Read more |
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chrysoberyl
chrysoberyl [Gr.,=golden beryl], a beryllium aluminate used as a gem. It has a vitreous luster and is transparent to translucent. The more valuable cat's-eye is a variety of chrysoberyl. Another variety, alexandrite, was first discovered in the Ural Mts. of Russia, on the birthday of Czar... Read more |
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Pavlovsk
Pavlovsk , city (1989 pop. 25,500), NW Russia, a summer resort near St. Petersburg. Founded by Catherine the Great in 1777, it was named for Czar Paul I, for whose country estate it was intended. In 1796 it became the royal summer residence, and in the 19th cent. it also served as a summer residence... Read more |
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Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg or Ekaterinburg , formerly Sverdlovsk , city (1989 pop. 1,365,000), capital of the Sverdlovsk region and the administrative center of the Ural district, E European Russia, in the eastern foothills of the central Urals, on the Iset River. One of the largest cities of the Urals,... Read more |
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Stephen Dusan
Stephen Dušan , c.1308-1355, king (1331-46) and czar (1346-55) of Serbia, son of Stephen Uros III. He is also known as Stephen Uros IV. He was proclaimed king after rebelling against his father, whom he then imprisoned. He reduced Bulgaria to dependency, gained the support of the prince of... Read more |
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titles
titles terms used to designate degrees of sovereignty, nobility, and honor. Emperor The highest-ranking title, that of emperor, derived from the Latin imperator, was originally a military title; the leader of a victorious army was saluted imperator by his soldiers. It was assumed by Augustus... Read more |
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