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1774 Quebec Act
1774 Quebec Act passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763. It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law. The Thirteen Colo...
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William Stevens Fielding
William Stevens Fielding 1848-1929, Canadian statesman, b. Halifax, N.S. A newspaper editor in Halifax, he entered the provincial legislature in 1882 and was provincial prime minister (1884-96). He then entered the House of Commons, and for 15 years (1896-1911) he was Wilfrid Laurier's minister of ...
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop (Fitz-John Winthrop), 1638-1707, American colonial governor of Connecticut, b. Ipswich, Mass.; son of John Winthrop (1606-76). He is commonly called Fitz-John Winthrop to distinguish him from his father and his grandfather. He left Harvard to serve in the English parliamentary army, r...
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Charles Albert Gobat
Charles Albert Gobat , 1843-1914, Swiss statesman. He took part in government affairs, wrote on international law, and helped found (1902) an international peace bureau. He received, with Élie Ducommun , the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize.
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industrial arbitration
industrial arbitration method of settling disputes between employer and employees by seeking and accepting a decision by a third party. Such arbitration may be compelled by the government, as in New Zealand (since 1894), Australia (since 1904), Canada (since 1907), Italy (since 1926), and Great Bri...
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Caroline Affair
Caroline Affair In 1837 a group of men led by William Lyon Mackenzie rebelled in Upper Canada (now Ontario), demanding a more democratic government. There was much sympathy for their cause in the United States, and a small steamer, the Caroline, owned by U.S. citizens, carried men and supplies ...
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James Bruce Elgin, 8th earl of
James Bruce Elgin, 8th earl of , 1811-63, British statesman, son of the 7th earl. He served as governor of Jamaica (1842-46) and in 1847 was appointed governor-general of Canada. There he put into operation the proposals for responsible government outlined by his father-in-law, the earl of Durham ....
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Hans Egede
Hans Egede , 1686-1758, Norwegian Lutheran missionary, called the Apostle of Greenland. He went to Greenland in 1721 and, with the support of the Danish government, founded a mission for the Eskimo. He also helped to initiate trade between Denmark and Greenland. He returned to Copenhagen in 1736 to ...
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Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca
Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca , 1827-92, first president of Brazil (1891). A leader of the discontented militarists who helped overturn the empire (Nov., 1889), he headed the provisional government that established the republic. In 1891, Fonseca was elected president by the constituent assembly. Faced w...
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Lorrin Andrews Thurston
Lorrin Andrews Thurston 1858-1931, lawyer and newspaper publisher. He was the son of missionaries in Hawaii. Favoring U.S. annexation of Hawaii, he was one of the leaders of the revolution (1893) that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani. Thurston drafted the constitution for the provisional Hawaiian gover...
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