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Paolo Veronese
Paolo Veronese , 1528-88, Italian painter of the Venetian school. Named Paolo Caliari, he was called Il Veronese from his birthplace, Verona. Trained under a variety of minor local artists, he was more influenced by the works of Giulio Romano , Parmigianino , and particularly Titian . His early s...
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sleeping pill
sleeping pill a pill containing medication that induces sleep. Benzodiazepines such as temazepam (Restoril) and triazolam (Halcion) have for the most part replaced barbiturates as drugs of choice for insomnia. Imidaopyridines, such as zolpidem tartrate, are also sometimes used for short-term tr...
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exile
exile removal of a national from his or her country, or the civilized parts of it, for a long period of time or for life. Exile may be a forceful expulsion by the government or a voluntary removal by the citizen, sometimes in order to escape punishment. In ancient Greece, exile was often the penalt...
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Gideon Welles
Gideon Welles , 1802-78, American statesman, b. Glastonbury, Conn. He was (1826-36) editor and part owner of the Hartford Times, one of the first New England papers to support Andrew Jackson. An organizer of the Jacksonian forces in Connecticut, Welles served in the state legislature (1827-35). He...
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James McGill Buchanan
James McGill Buchanan 1919-, American economist, b. Murfreesboro, Tenn., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1948. A professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1969-83) and George Mason Univ. (1983-), he was awarded the 1986 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his "public choice" theory that an...
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Philip Doddridge
Philip Doddridge 1702-51, English nonconformist minister and noted hymn writer. His Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul (1745) has been much translated. His many hymns include "Awake, My Soul, Stretch Every Nerve" and "O Happy Day, That Fixed My Choice." Doddridge's Correspondence ...
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theory of games
theory of games group of mathematical theories first developed by John Von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. A game consists of a set of rules governing a competitive situation in which from two to n individuals or groups of individuals choose strategies designed to maximize their own winnings or ...
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information theory
information theory or communication theory, mathematical theory formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E. Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication. While the theory is not specific in all respects, it proves the existence of optimum coding sche...
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Samaria
Samaria , city, ancient Palestine, on a hill NW of modern-day Nablus (Shechem). The site is now occupied by a village, Sabastiyah (West Bank). Samaria (named for Shemer, who owned the land) was built by King Omri as the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel in the early 9th cent. BC The scene ...
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William Allen
William Allen 1704-80, American jurist, b. Philadelphia. He and his father-in-law, Andrew Hamilton, decided the choice of Philadelphia instead of Chester as provincial capital, and he helped finance the building of Independence Hall. Allen was (1750-74) chief justice of Pennsylvania, secured (1763)...
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