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Carlo Sforza, Conte
Carlo Sforza, Conte , 1872-1952, Italian foreign minister. He held high ministerial and diplomatic posts, became a senator, and as foreign minister (1920-21) negotiated the Treaty of Rapallo with Yugoslavia. Sforza opposed Mussolini and resigned as ambassador to Paris in 1922. He went (1927) into vo...
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National Recovery Administration
National Recovery Administration (NRA), in U.S. history, administrative bureau established under the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933. In response to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's congressional message of May 17, 1933, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act, an emergen...
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Progressive Conservative party
Progressive Conservative party former Canadian political party, formed in 1942 by the merger of the Progressive and Conservative parties. Beginning with the first Canadian prime minister, John A. Macdonald in 1867, the Conservative party dominated Canadian politics for much of the first three dec...
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Hugh Samuel Johnson
Hugh Samuel Johnson 1882-1942, American army officer, government administrator, b. Fort Scott, Kans. After graduation (1903) from West Point, he entered the U.S. army as a second lieutenant. In World War I he formulated (1917) plans for selective service in the U.S. army, administered the draft, an...
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Margaret of Anjou
Margaret of Anjou , 1430?-1482, queen consort of King Henry VI of England, daughter of René of Anjou. Her marriage, which took place in 1445, was negotiated by William de la Pole, 4th earl (later 1st duke) of Suffolk (see under Pole , family). Margaret soon asserted influence at the Englis...
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Shigeru Yoshida
Shigeru Yoshida , 1878-1967, Japanese statesman. He was until 1954 the most powerful political figure in postwar Japan. He was ambassador to Italy (1930-32) and to Great Britain (1936-39). He was arrested late in 1944 for championing peace but returned to the government after the surrender in 1945 a...
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Christian Science
Christian Science religion founded upon principles of divine healing and laws expressed in the acts and sayings of Jesus, as discovered and set forth by Mary Baker Eddy and practiced by the Church of Christ, Scientist. The church teaches that God is good and the only reality, and that sin, evil, ...
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Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide De Gasperi , 1881-1954, Italian premier and a founder of the Christian Democratic party. Born in the Trentino—then under Austria—he represented Italian irredentists in the Austrian parliament and after the transfer of the Trentino to Italy at the end of World War I served (1921-24...
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Hans Jurgen Eysenck
Hans Jurgen Eysenck , 1916-97, British psychologist. Best known for his theory of human personality, Eysenck suggested that personality is biologically determined and is arranged in a hierarchy consisting of types, traits, habitual responses, and specific responses. A staunch critic of psychoanalysi...
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Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan or European Recovery Program, project instituted at the Paris Economic Conference (July, 1947) to foster economic recovery in certain European countries after World War II. The Marshall Plan took form when U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall urged (June 5, 1947) that Euro...
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