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astrophysics
astrophysics application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure , stellar evolution , the origin of the solar system , and related problems of cosmology . The distinction between astrophysics and modern astronomy is disappearing in scientific usage.
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Meghnad Saha
Meghnad Saha , 1893-1956, Indian physicist. He was a professor at Allahabad Univ. from 1923 to 1938 and a professor and physics department head at Calcutta Univ. from 1938. His theory of high-temperature ionization of elements and its application to stellar atmospheres, expressed in the Saha equatio...
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Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , 1910-95, American astrophysicist, b. Lahore, India (now Pakistan). He became a professor at the Univ. of Chicago in 1938 and remained associated with the university until his death. In 1953 he became an American citizen. Chandrasekhar was a major figure in the research o...
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Sir William Huggins
Sir William Huggins 1824-1910, English astronomer. Using a spectroscope, he began to study the chemical constitution of stars from the observatory attached to his home in Tulse Hill, London. He proved that while some nebulae are clusters of stars, others are uniformly gaseous. Huggins pioneered in ...
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Henry Norris Russell
Henry Norris Russell 1877-1957, American astronomer, b. Oyster Bay, N.Y., grad. Princeton, 1897. In 1902 he went to Cambridge, England, to study. He returned to Princeton in 1905, was professor of astronomy there (1911-27), research professor (1927-47), and director of the observatory (1912-47). In...
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Beeston
Beeston town (1991 pop. 64,785), Nottinghamshire, central England. Large pharmaceutical plants and factories there produce boilers, telecommunication equipment, fluorescent lights, textiles, pencils, cardboard boxes, and clothing.
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Havant
Havant , city (1991 pop. 50,098) and district, Hampshire, S England. The city's manufactures include pharmaceuticals, kitchen equipment, electronic components, automobiles, and toys. The old town of Havant was known for its parchment.
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William Weber Coblentz
William Weber Coblentz , 1873-1962, American physicist, b. North Lima, Ohio, grad. Case School of Applied Science (B.S., 1900) and Cornell (Ph.D., 1903). From 1905 to 1945 he was physicist with the National Bureau of Standards. He was the first to verify Planck's law, and he conducted valuable resea...
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occultation
occultation , in astronomy, eclipse of one celestial body by another, e.g., when the moon lies between a star and the earth. Occultations of stars by the moon are important in astronomy. Since stellar positions are very accurately known, the time and position of an occultation can be used to determi...
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parallax
parallax , any alteration in the relative apparent positions of objects produced by a shift in the position of the observer. In astronomy the term is used for several techniques for determining distance. Trigonometric parallax is the apparent displacement of a nearby star against the background of m...
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