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John Comyn
John Comyn d. 1306, Scottish nobleman. He was called the Red Comyn, to distinguish him from his father, the Black Comyn. Aiding his uncle, John de Baliol , in the struggle against Edward I, he was for a time held hostage by the English. After the rout of the Scottish troops at Falkirk (1298), he w...
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E. E. Cummings
E. E. Cummings (Edward Estlin Cummings), 1894-1962, American poet, b. Cambridge, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1915. His poetry, noted for its eccentricities of typography, language, and punctuation, usually seeks to convey a joyful, living awareness of sex and love. Among his 15 volumes of poetry are Tul...
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Stamford
Stamford city (1990 pop. 108,056), Fairfield co., SW Conn., on Long Island Sound; settled 1641, inc. 1893 as a city within the town of Stamford (the two were consolidated in 1949). A variety of light industrial goods are produced there, such as machinery, fabricated metal products, and chemicals. S...
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George Chapman
George Chapman 1559?-1634, English dramatist, translator, and poet. He is as famous for his plays as for his poetic translations of Homer's Iliad (1612) and Odyssey (1614-15). Chapman was a classical scholar, and his work shows the influence of the Stoic philosophers, Epictetus and Seneca. In h...
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Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio , 1925-2003, Italian composer, b. Oneglia. After studying at the Milan Conservatory and working as a coach and conductor in Italian opera houses, Berio was introduced in 1952 to serial music by Luigi Dallapiccola , and a nondoctrinaire serialism subsequently pervaded his music. In 1...
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Buddhist literature
Buddhist literature During his lifetime the Buddha taught not in Vedic Sanskrit, which had become unintelligible to the people, but in his own NE Indian dialect; he also encouraged his monks to propagate his teachings in the vernacular. After his death, the Buddhist canon was formulated and transmi...
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perennial
perennial any plant that under natural conditions lives for several to many growing seasons, as contrasted to an annual or a biennial. Botanically, the term perennial applies to both woody and herbaceous plants (see stem ) and thus includes numerous members of the kingdom. In horticulture, howev...
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symbolists
symbolists in literature, a school originating in France toward the end of the 19th cent. in reaction to the naturalism and realism of the period. Designed to convey impressions by suggestion rather than by direct statement, symbolism found its first expression in poetry but was later extended to t...
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre , 1905-80, French philosopher, playwright, and novelist. Influenced by German philosophy, particularly that of Heidegger , Sartre was a leading exponent of 20th-century existentialism . His writings examine man as a responsible but lonely being, burdened with a terrifying freedom ...
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American literature
American literature literature in English produced in what is now the United States of America.
Colonial Literature
American writing began with the work of English adventurers and colonists in the New World chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. Some of these early work...
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