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satellite DNA satellite DNA
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DNA Polymerase DNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerases DNA polymerases are proteins that synthesize new DNA strands using preexisting DNA strands as templates. Before one cell divides to produce two cells, the DNA containing the genetic information in it must be duplicated for the new cell, in a process known as polymerization . In... Read more
provirus provirus
provirus The intermediate stage in the infection of a host cell by a virus, e.g. a retrovirus, in which the viral genome is integrated into the DNA of the host, where it can undergo successive replications before being transcribed. In the case of retroviruses the single RNA strand of the virus is... Read more
polymerase polymerase
polymerase Any enzyme that catalyses the elongation of a polymeric molecule. RNA polymerases (types I to III) catalyse the synthesis of RNA using as a template either an existing DNA strand (DNA-dependent RNA polymerase) or an RNA strand. Type I is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA,... Read more
Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase
Reverse Transcriptase Reverse transcriptase is the replication enzyme of retroviruses. Because it polymerizes DNA precursors, reverse transcriptase is a DNA polymerase. However, whereas cellular DNA polymerases use DNA as a template for making new DNAs, reverse transcriptase uses the... Read more
Conjugation Conjugation
Conjugation Conjugation is one of several mechanisms that bacteria use to transfer DNA, and hence new genetic information, between two cells. The other primary mechanisms are transformation, in which free DNA is transported across the cell membrane, and transduction, in which DNA is carried into... Read more
artificial chromosome artificial chromosome
Chromosomes, Artificial Artificial chromosomes are laboratory constructs that contain DNA sequences and that perform the critical functions of natural chromosomes. They are used to introduce and control new DNA in a cell, to study how chromosomes function, and to map genes in genomes. Natural... Read more
polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), laboratory process in which a particular DNA segment from a mixture of DNA chains is rapidly replicated, producing a large, readily analyzed sample of a piece of DNA; the process is sometimes called DNA amplification. The Process In PCR, DNA (see nucleic acid ) is... Read more
HIV antibodies HIV antibodies
Retroviruses Retroviruses are viruses in which the genetic material consists of ribonucleic acid (RNA ) instead of the usual deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ). Retroviruses produce an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase that can transform RNA into DNA, which can then be permanently... Read more
Paul Berg Paul Berg
Paul Berg 1926-, American biologist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Western Reserve Univ., 1952. A professor at Washington Univ. at St. Louis and Stanford Univ., he shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics (with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger ) for his work with recombinant DNA. Berg developed... Read more

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