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Piet Mondrian Piet Mondrian
Piet Mondrian , 1872-1944, Dutch painter. He studied at the academy in Amsterdam and passed through an early naturalistic phase. In 1910 he went to Paris, where the influence of cubism stimulated the development of his geometric, nonobjective style, which he called neoplasticism. He and Theo van... Read more
de Stijl de Stijl
de Stijl [Du.,=the style], Dutch nonfigurative art movement, also called neoplasticism. In 1917 a group of artists, architects, and poets was organized under the name de Stijl, and a journal of the same name was initiated. The leaders of the movement were the artists Theo van Doesburg and Piet ... Read more
Neo-Plasticism Neo-Plasticism
Neo-Plasticism. Term coined by Piet Mondrian for his style of austerely geometrical abstract painting and more broadly for the philosophical ideas about art that his work embodied. He claimed that art should be ‘denaturized', by which he meant that it must be purely abstract, with no... Read more
Piet Retief Piet Retief
Piet Retief, Mpumalanga/South Africa Founded in 1882 and named after Pieter Retief (1780–1838), a leader of the Great Trek in 1837 when a group of Boers, the Voortrekkers as they became known, left British rule in Cape Colony and moved north into the unknown. A group, led by Retief, broke... Read more
Elementarism Elementarism
Elementarism. A modified form of Neo-Plasticism propounded by van Doesburg in a manifesto published in De Stijl in 1926. Whilst maintaining Mondrian's restriction to the right angle, Elementarism abandoned his insistence on the use of strict horizontals and verticals. By introducing inclined lines... Read more
Johan Ludwig Emil Dreyer Johan Ludwig Emil Dreyer
Dreyer, JohanLudvigEmil (1852–1926)Danishastronomer, known also as John Louis Emil Dreyer. He moved to Ireland in 1874 to work, originally at Lord Rosse's observatory, and later compiled the New General Catalogue (NGC) and its supplements, the two Index Catalogues (IC). Also a historian of... Read more
Theo van Doesburg Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg , 1883-1931, Dutch painter, teacher, and writer. Together with Mondrian he founded the magazine De Stijl and successfully proselytized in Europe for the new aesthetic of abstraction, simplicity, clarity, and harmony. He influenced Gropius and taught at the Bauhaus and in Berlin... Read more
Passion cycle Passion cycle
Passion cycle in art, the depiction of the last events in the life of Jesus. The Passion was a favorite subject of medieval and Renaissance artists and was considered the most ambitious of projects. The scenes depicted generally include the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, the washing of his feet,... Read more
Pieta Pieta
Pietà. Term (Italian: ‘pity’) applied to a painting or sculpture showing the Virgin Mary supporting the body of the dead Christ on her lap. Other figures, such as St John the Evangelist or Mary Magdalene, may also be included. The theme originated in Germany in the 13th century... Read more
Robert Grant Aitkin Robert Grant Aitkin
Aitken, Robert Grant (b. Jackson, California, 31 December 1864; d. Berkeley, California, 29 October 1951) astronomy. During forty years at the Lick Observatory, Aitken was an outstanding observer of double stars, and his New General Catalogue of Double Stars Within 120 Read more

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