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declaration of Arbroath
Arbroath, declaration of. The name usually given to the letter of the Scottish barons to Pope John XXII, dated at Arbroath on 6 April 1320, which proclaimed the ancient independence of Scotland and denounced English efforts at conquest. It was part of Robert I of Scotland's response to his... Read more |
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Stephen Langton
Stephen Langton c.1155-1228, English prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was educated at Paris. Innocent III named him cardinal in 1206, and he became archbishop of Canterbury the following year. The opposition of King John prevented his occupation of the see until 1213. He acted... Read more |
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Gregory XI
Gregory XI 1330-78, pope (1370-78), a Frenchman named Pierre Roger de Beaufort. He was the successor of Urban V, who had made an unsuccessful attempt to remove the papacy from Avignon to Rome (1367-70). From the time of his election Gregory heard prophetic admonitions to go to Rome, first from St.... Read more |
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Pius VI
Pius VI 1717-99, pope (1775-99), an Italian named G. Angelo Braschi, b. Cesena; successor of Clement XIV. He was created cardinal in 1774. Early in his reign he was faced with the attempts of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II to "reform" the church by suppressing monasteries, assuming rights of... Read more |
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Sixtus IV
Sixtus IV , 1414-84, pope (1471-84), an Italian named Francesco della Rovere (b. near Savona); successor of Paul II. He was made general of his order, the Franciscans, in 1464 and became (1467) a cardinal. Sixtus was expected to be a reformer, but he was too much embroiled in political difficulties.... Read more |
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Nicholas II (pope)
Nicholas II (c.1010-61), pope (1058-61), a Roman named Gerard, b. Lorraine, France; successor to Pope Stephen IX. A strong proponent of papal reform, he issued (1059) the Papal Election Decree in an effort to minimize political interference in papal elections. He favored the elimination of simony,... Read more |
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Paul III
Paul III 1468-1549, pope (1534-49), a Roman named Alessandro Farnese; successor of Clement VII. He was created cardinal by Alexander VI, and his influence increased steadily. A very astute church diplomat, he directed his efforts chiefly in aid of the reforming party. With his election a new era in... Read more |
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Pandulf
Pandulf , Ital. Pandolfo, d. 1226, Italian churchman. He was first sent to England in 1211 by Pope Innocent III on an unsuccessful mission to settle the pope's dispute with King John . In 1213 he again went to England as papal legate to receive John's submission to the pope, and the next year... Read more |
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Sand Creek
Sand Creek Colorado, site of a massacre (1864) of Cheyenne by Col. John M. Chivington and his Colorado Volunteers. The Cheyennes, led by their chief, Black Kettle , had offered to make peace and, at the suggestion of military personnel, had encamped at Sand Creek near Fort Lyon while awaiting... Read more |
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affluent society
affluent society term coined by John Kenneth Galbraith in The Affluent Society (1958) to describe the United States after World War II. An affluent society, as the term was used ironically by Galbraith, is rich in private resources but poor in public ones because of a misplaced priority on... Read more |
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Papal States
Papal States Territories of central Italy under the rule...756–1870). In the 15th century, the papal government displaced the feudal magnates who had ruled the Papal States in the Middle Ages and imposed direct... |
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papacy
...supreme head of the church. The papal response was indecisive. Ecclesiastical...accommodation with the Protestant state might dilute its authority...were ready to compromise on papal authority, but the Old Irish, encouraged by the papal nuncio Rinuccini, ... |
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ultramontanism
...which had imposed explicit state control on the French church...fill the gap left by waning state support for established religion...precarious position of the papal states, popes turned increasingly...of church centralization. Papal ... |
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Vatican City
Vatican City Independent sovereign state, existing as a walled enclave on the w...the Roman Catholic Church). The first papal residence was established in the 5th century, and it has been the papal home ever since (apart from a brief spell... |
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canon law
...law and the conflict between church and state in many countries, and in England notably...authority in matters spiritual lay with the papal curia, to which appeal ultimately lay...Rome, appeal was no longer allowed to the papal curia and was abolished by statute in 1533... |
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Church of England
...the Roman Catholic liturgy, but outside papal control. As the Reformation extended to...England finally emerged independent of papal jurisdiction and adopted the Elizabethan...still established by law as an official state Church. In 1992, the General Synod voted... |
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Reformation
...corruption of the Church and the doctrines of papal supremacy, transubstantiation, and clerical...drafted the Act of Supremacy that rejected papal authority, and made King Henry VIII the...Presbyterianism was established as the state religion in 1560. See also ... |
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Italy
...enabled the creation of the Papal States. His son Charlemagne was crowned...controlled by powerful city-states, while the s established a...battle between imperial and papal power divided the cities and...City was set up as a sovereign state ... |
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Pius IX
...driven from Rome (1848–50), but restored by Napoleon III. The Papal States were seized by the Italian nationalists in 1860, and Rome itself...convened the First Vatican Council, which proclaimed the principle of Papal Infallibility. |
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John of Salisbury
...promote Canterbury's interests at the papal curia and then used his insider knowledge to discuss both the theory of church–state relations and contemporary history in his Policraticus and the Memoirs of the Papal Court. He acted as adviser to Becket during... |
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Papal States
Papal States (Stati Pontifici) That part of central Italy over which the Pope had sovereignty between 756 and 1870. Although the area varied in size, it corresponded to the modern regions of Emilia‐Romagna, Lazio, Marche, and Umbria. |
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papal
papal of or relating to a pope or to the papacy...eccclesiastical Latin papa ‘bishop of Rome’.Papal States the temporal dominions belonging to the...sovereignty from the 7th to the 19th centuries.papal tiara an ornate cap with three coronets... |
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Papal legate
Papal legate; Papal States. See LEGATE, PAPAL; STATES OF THE CHURCH. |
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Chancery, Papal
Chancery, Papal. The name attached in the late 12th cent. to the Pope's secretariat. In the 14th cent. the Chancery...its influence diminished. In 1973 it was abolished and its functions transferred to the Secretariat of State. |
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States of the Church
States of the Church. Those parts of Italy and the...St Peter’ (q.v.).In 1791 the Papal territories in France were lost to the...of the Vatican and the Lateran and the Papal villa at Castel Gandolfo to be extraterritorial...constituted the ‘Vatican City’ a separate ... |
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Vatican City State
Vatican City State An independent papal state in Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church. Following the RISORGIMENTO, the Papal States (the modern Italian provinces of Lazio, Umbria, Le Marche... |
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Church of England
...canon law, the chief agent of Papal control in the W. Church...disputes between the Church and State, notably about investiture...power, but by the 13th cent. Papal power in England had become...consciousness on the one hand, and the Papal scandals of the ... |
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Pius VII
...predecessor, Pope Pius VI, had seen the Papal States occupied by the French and died a...France in 1799. Pius VII restored papal fortunes by signing a CONCORDAT with...However, his attempts to increase papal influence by refusing to support... |
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France, Christianity in
...The cooperation of Church and State continued after Hugh Capet in 987...IV (reigned 1285–1314) Papal power and prestige was damaged...followed by the moving of the Papal court to Avignon, within French...benefices in the expansion of Papal ‘provisions’. ... |
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Inquisition, the
...Gregory IX appointed full-time Papal inquisitors, drawn mainly...accordance with the law of the State; this normally meant burning...but it was only in the Papal States that it exercised undisputed power...Spanish Inquisition. Despite Papal ... |
 "The Mercury (South Africa)")
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The papal states and Pinetown.
...controversy over the temporal powers of the Pope - rule over the Papal States - as opposed to his ecclesiastical powers. This was as Italy...buttocks with a 12-bore shotgun by his dog. It happened in the state of Utah where the 46-year-old man - not named - was duck... |
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LONDON DEBATE ON POPE'S STATE VISIT "THE PAPAL VISIT SHOULD NOT BE A STATE...
...Humanist Association (BHA): As the papal visit to the UK approaches, a...Jamison to debate the question "The Papal Visit should not be a State Visit". Polly Toynbee the renowned...many people are angry that the State Visit of Pope Benedict XVI is... |
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PRAYERS FOR CUBA IN VIGIL PAPAL VISIT SPURS HOPE.(Local/State)
...of thousands of women and children immigrated to the United States. It was the year Elio was separated from his wife, mother...waiver seven years earlier. He joined his family in the United States. Unfortunately, much about his family had changed, Elio said... |
 "Irish Independent (Dublin, Republic of Ireland)")
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THE State wrote off the costs it incurred for the papal visit to Ireland...
Departments told not to pursue papal visit costs Fergus Black THE State wrote off the costs it incurred for the papal visit to Ireland after then-Taoiseach...materials and equipment used at the Papal venues, the monies raised by the church... |
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SIRIUS to Launch Papal Archives Channel for 2008 Papal Visit.
...events will be rebroadcast on Papal Playback, SIRIUS 143 NEW YORK...s upcoming visit to the United States (April 15-20, 2008), it will launch the Papal Archives Channel, featuring seldom heard Papal recordings from the past, including... |
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Papal Primacy: From Its Origins to the Present.
...trace the origins of the historically developed papal primacy. He does not discuss other aspects of the...indirectly to primacy, such as the Roman curia, papal finances, or the papal states. His exegesis of the data is meticulous, avoiding... |
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Papal Music and Musicians in Late Medieval and Renaissance Rome.(Review)
...concentrates on music connected to papal traditions and ceremonies...Lamentations. As editor Richard Sherr states in his preface, "The conclusion...namely that the music the papal choir valued most, that is...p. xi). Part 2, "The Papal Choir as Institution," ... |
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Pondering St. Louis' papal priorities.
...Postal Service offered a pictorial papal postmark from the papal plaza. Entrepreneurs went to...religious leader. Not a head of state or finance, not an Internet whiz...the time to make his point. The papal schedule: Three motorcades... |
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Papal Banking in Renaissance Rome: Benvenuto Olivieri and Paul III, 1534-1549
Papal Banking in Renaissance Rome: Benvenuto...754-60732-8.) In the Renaissance papal banking was big business. Given tight money...ecclesiastical revenues and taxes from the Papal States and Rome to secure and reimburse their loans... |
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Papal Visit Media Advisory No. 2 concerning the process for obtaining press...
...directors of communications, Papal Visit to Miami RE: The Papal Visit Press Credential Process...Pope John Paul II to the United States, Sept. 10-19, 1987. The...obtaining press credentials for the papal visit. This is the general or... |
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