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privateering
privateering former usage of war permitting privately owned and operated war vessels (privateers) under commission of a belligerent government to capture enemy shipping. Private ownership distinguished the privateer from an ordinary warship; letters of marque and reprisal (commission issued by a go...
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Otway Burns
Otway Burns c.1775-1850, American privateer, b. Onslow co., N.C. At the outbreak of the War of 1812, he outfitted the Baltimore clipper Snap-Dragon as a privateer and began one of the most spectacular privateering careers in American history. He destroyed and captured millions of dollars worth of...
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eminent domain
eminent domain the right of a government to force the owner of private property sell it if it is needed for a public use. The right is based on the doctrine that a sovereign state has dominion over all lands and buildings within its borders, which has its origins in the landholding system under fe...
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Canadian National Railway
Canadian National Railway rail system in Canada and the United States, extending from coast to coast in Canada with many branch lines in each province and in the United States. The system began as an amalgamation of five separate railroad enterprises that were unified in 1922 under the ownership of...
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Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project international scientific effort to map all of the genes on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes and, to sequence the 3.1 billion DNA base pairs that make up the chromosomes (see nucleic acid ). Begun in 1990 with the goal of enabling scientists to understand the basis of gene...
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feud
feud formalized private warfare, especially between family groups. The blood feud (see vendetta ) is characteristic of those societies in which a strong central government either has not arisen or has decayed. In modern times the feud, outlawed in most countries, has persisted where public justice...
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industrial policy
industrial policy government-sponsored economic program in which the public and private sectors coordinate their efforts to develop new technologies and industries. Government provides the financial support and capital to the private sector by direct subsidies, tax credits, or government-run develo...
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reprisal
reprisal in international law, the forcible taking, in time of peace, by one country of the property or territory belonging to another country or to the citizens of the other country, to be held as a pledge or as redress in order to satisfy a claim. A reprisal, technically, is not an act of war, be...
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Grosvenor Gallery
Grosvenor Gallery founded in London (1877) by Sir Coutts Lindsay (1839-1913), for the independent exhibition (opening May 1 annually) of paintings and sculpture by established artists, both Academicians and moderns being represented. There is no jury. The gallery has the atmosphere of the private d...
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University of Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh main campus at Pittsburgh; private with some state support; coeducational; chartered and opened as an academy 1787, called Western Univ. of Pennsylvania 1819-1908. It operates campuses at Johnstown (1927), Greensburg (1963), and Bradford (1963) as well. There are centers fo...
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