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Oscar II Hammerstein
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Liberation of France
France, Liberation of (1944–45).Following the invasion of Normandy, the breakout by Omar N. Bradley's U.S. First Army created conditions for mobile warfare that permitted the World War II Allied armies to liberate France by the late summer of 1944. In the aftermath of the American... Read more |
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Roubaix
Roubaix , city (1990 pop. 98,179), Nord dept., N France, in French Flanders. Part of the Lille urban area, Roubaix, with adjacent Tourcoing, is one of the largest textile (chiefly wool) centers in France; a national textile school is there. It was occupied by the Germans during World Wars I and II.... Read more |
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Iuliu Maniu
Iuliu Maniu , 1873-1951, Romanian politician, head of the Romanian National Peasants' party. Born in Transylvania, he helped to organize the Romanian national movement there before and during World War I. In 1918 he headed the Romanian provisional government. As premier (with one slight... Read more |
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Bayeux
Bayeux , town (1990 pop. 15,106), Calvados dept., N France, in Normandy, near the English Channel. It is a farm and communications center, noted for its lace industry. A Roman town and episcopal see from the 4th cent., it was burned (1105) by Henry I of England. Sections of its Romanesque church... Read more |
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Furst von Wenzel Anton Kaunitz
Wenzel Anton Kaunitz, Fürst von , 1711-94, Austrian statesman. He distinguished himself as a negotiator of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) and was (1750-53) ambassador to Paris. From 1753 until his retirement in 1792 he served the Hapsburg rulers, Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II,... Read more |
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Fernand Braudel
Fernand Braudel 1902-85, French historian. He studied under Lucien Febvre and was a founder of the Annales school of historiography. As a German prisoner-of-war during World War II, he wrote his monumental The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949). After the... Read more |
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Pierre Mendes-France
Pierre Mendès-France , 1907-82, French statesman. A lawyer and economist, he entered (1932) the chamber of deputies as a Radical Socialist. In World War II he was a pilot in the Free French forces. Popular as a democratic leader, he became premier in 1954 after the French defeat at... Read more |
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Sir John Grey Gorton
Sir John Grey Gorton 1911-2002, Australian political leader, b. Melbourne. A fighter pilot in World War II, he was elected to the senate as a Liberal in 1949. He held a number of cabinet posts in the Liberal-County coalition of Robert G. Menzies and, under his successor Harold E. Holt , became... Read more |
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Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte
Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte , 1849-1915, Russian premier. A railway administrator, he became minister of communications (1892) and minister of finance (1892-1903). He introduced the gold standard, reformed finances, encouraged the development of Russian industries with the help of foreign capital,... Read more |
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