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Dwight Macdonald
Dwight Macdonald 1906-82, American author and editor, b. New York City. As an associate editor (1928-36) of the business magazine Fortune he acquired a distaste for capitalism, and in 1937 he became editor of the radical Partisan Review. In the left-wing factionalism of the 1930s and 40s, Macdo...
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Pierre de Ronsard
Pierre de Ronsard , 1524-1585, French poet. As page, then squire, Ronsard seemed destined for a career at court both in France and abroad. However, deafness turned him to a more secluded and studious life at the Collège de Coqueret where he became leader of the Pléiade (see under Plei...
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Aristophanes
Aristophanes , c.448 BC-c.388 BC, Greek playwright, Athenian comic poet, greatest of the ancient writers of comedy . His plays, the only full extant samples of the Greek Old Comedy, mix political, social, and literary satire. The direct attack on persons, the severity of invective, and the burlesqu...
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Sir James Fitzjames Stephen
Sir James Fitzjames Stephen 1829-94, English jurist and journalist; brother of Sir Leslie Stephen. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge and was admitted to the bar in 1854. After 1855 he wrote many articles on ethics, literature, and current topics for periodicals, and he was (1865-70) an importan...
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Orthodox Eastern Church
Orthodox Eastern Church community of Christian churches whose chief strength is in the Middle East and E Europe. Their members number over 250 million worldwide. The Orthodox agree doctrinally in accepting as ecumenical the first seven councils (see council, ecumenical ) and in rejecting the juris...
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Erasmus
Erasmus or Desiderius Erasmus [Gr. Erasmus, his given name, and Lat., Desiderius =beloved; both are regarded as the equivalent of Dutch Gerard, Erasmus' father's name], 1466?-1536, Dutch humanist, b. Rotterdam. He was ordained priest of the Roman Catholic Church and studied at the Univ. of...
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Hamilton Fish
Hamilton Fish 1808-93, American statesman, b. New York City, grad. Columbia, 1827; son of Nicholas Fish (1758-1833). He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830.
Named for his father's friend Alexander Hamilton, and heir to the Federalist tradition, Fish naturally gravitated to politics...
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Thomas Hart Benton
Thomas Hart Benton 1782-1858, U.S. Senator (1821-51), b. Hillsboro, N.C.
Benton moved to Tennessee in 1809, was admitted to the bar in 1811, and served (1809-11) in the state senate. In 1815, he went to St. Louis, where he became editor of the Missouri Enquirer, established a thriving law pr...
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Eamon De Valera
Eamon De Valera , 1882-1975, Irish statesman, b. New York City. He was taken as a child to Ireland. As a young man he joined the movement advocating physical force to achieve Irish independence and took part in the Easter Rebellion of 1916. He was sentenced to life imprisonment (escaping execution b...
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Franciscans
Franciscans , members of several Roman Catholic religious orders following the rule of St. Francis (approved by Honorius III, 1223). There are now three organizations of Franciscan friars: the Friars Minor [Lat. abbr., O.F.M.] (the second largest order in the Roman Catholic Church; only the Jesuit...
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