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Welsh Marches
Welsh Marches lands in Wales along the English border. After the Norman conquest of England in the 11th cent., William I established the border earldoms of Chester, Shrewsbury, and Hereford to protect his English kingdom. Norman barons were encouraged by William's successors to conquer and hold oth...
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Shrewsbury
Shrewsbury , city (1991 pop. 57,731), county seat of Shropshire, W England, on the Severn River. Shrewsbury is a road and rail junction with varied manufactures. It was an ancient Saxon and Norman stronghold. The earldom of Shrewsbury was an important marcher lordship (see Welsh Marches ). There ar...
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long march
long march Chin., Changzheng, the journey of c.6,000 mi (9,660 km) undertaken by the Red Army of China in 1934-35. When their Jiangxi prov. Soviet base was encircled by the Nationalist army of Chiang Kai-shek, some 90,000 men and women broke through the siege (Oct., 1934) and marched westward to ...
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Roger de Mortimer, 1st earl of March
Roger de Mortimer, 1st earl of March 1287?-1330, English nobleman. He inherited (c.1304) the vast estates and the title of his father, Edmund, 7th baron of Wigmore. Appointed lieutenant of Ireland in 1316, he was instrumental in securing the defeat of Edward Bruce and thus was able to consolidate...
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anti-Vietnam War movement
anti-Vietnam War movement domestic and international reaction (1965-73) in opposition to U.S. policy during the Vietnam War . During the four years following passage of the Tonkin Gulf resolution (Aug., 1964), which authorized U.S. military action in Southeast Asia, the American air war intensif...
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Barons' War
Barons' War in English history, war of 1263-67 between King Henry III and his barons. In 1261, Henry III renounced the Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259), which had vested considerable power in a council of barons, and reasserted his right to appoint councilors...
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bonus
bonus extra amount in money, bonds, or goods over what is normally due. The term is applied especially to payments to employees either for production in excess of the normal (wage incentive) or as a share of surplus profits. The wage incentive was designed during the late 19th cent. not only to inc...
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Herbert Clark Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover 1874-1964, 31st President of the United States (1929-33), b. West Branch, Iowa.
Wartime Relief Efforts
After graduating (1895) from Stanford, he worked as a mining engineer in many parts of the world. He became an independent mining consultant and established offices ...
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Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964, American general, b. Little Rock, Ark.; son of Arthur MacArthur .
Early Career
MacArthur was reared on army posts and attended military school in Texas. At West Point he achieved an outstanding scholastic record, and after graduation (1903) he served in the P...
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England, kingdom of
England, kingdom of The kingdom of England was created by its monarchs. Successive rulers, sometimes from ambition, sometimes from fear, strengthened their armed forces, extended their boundaries, imposed law and order on their quarrelling subjects, introduced standardized coinage and administration...
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