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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung , 1893-1976, founder of the People's Republic of China. Mao was one of the most prominent Communist theoreticians and his ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare have been extremely influential, especially among Third World revolutionaries.
Of Hunane...
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Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution 1966-76, mass mobilization of urban Chinese youth inaugurated by Mao Zedong in an attempt to prevent the development of a bureaucratized Soviet style of Communism. Mao closed schools and encouraged students to join Red Guard units, which denunciated and persecuted Chinese te...
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Li Dazhao
Li Dazhao , 1888-1927, professor of history and librarian at Beijing Univ., cofounder of the Chinese Communist party with Chen Duxiu . He was the first important Chinese intellectual to support the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. A leader in the May Fourth Movement (1919), he organized several Ma...
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Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing or Chiang Ch'ing , 1914-91, Chinese Communist political leader, wife of Mao Zedong . Born Li Yun-ho, she changed her name to Lan Ping in 1938 when beginning an acting career, joining the Communist party the same year. In 1939, she married Mao Zedong and thereafter remained in the bac...
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Akkad
Akkad , ancient region of Mesopotamia, occupying the northern part of later Babylonia. The southern part was Sumer . In both regions city-states had begun to appear in the 4th millennium BC In Akkad a Semitic language, Akkadian , was spoken. Akkad flourished after Sargon began (c.2340 BC) to spr...
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Ragnarok
Ragnarok , in Norse mythology, the doom of the gods. According to prophecy the end of the world would follow a severe ice age, in which human civilization would be destroyed. Then the gods of Asgard, led by Odin, would clash with the devastating forces of evil and chaos, led by Loki and the giants. ...
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Carlists
Carlists partisans of Don Carlos (1788-1855) and his successors, who claimed the Spanish throne under the Salic law of succession, introduced (1713) by Philip V. The law (forced on Philip by the War of the Spanish Succession to avoid a union of the French and Spanish crowns) was abrogated by Fe...
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Red Guards
Red Guards in Chinese history, politically active students of the Cultural Revolution (1966-69), who organized units to carry out Mao Zedong 's aim of rerevolutionizing Chinese society. As their numbers grew, the units engaged in factional struggles, and in 1968 Mao suppressed the movement.
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Chaos
Chaos , in Greek religion and mythology, vacant, unfathomable space. From it arose all things, earthly and divine. There are various legends explaining it. In one version, Eurynome rose out of Chaos and created all things. In another, Gaea sprang from Chaos and was the mother of all things. Eventu...
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Chao Phraya
Chao Phraya , Mae Nam Chao Phraya, or Menam Chao Phraya , chief river of Thailand, c.140 mi (230 km) long, formed by the confluence of the Ping (c.300 mi/480 km long) and the Nan (c.500 mi/800 km) rivers at Nakhon Sawan, W central Thailand. It flows S past Bangkok to the Gulf of Thailand and ...
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