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phrenology
phrenology study of the shape of the human skull in order to draw conclusions about particular character traits and mental faculties. The theory was developed about 1800 by the German physiologist Franz Joseph Gall and popularized in the United States by Orson Fowler and Lorenzo Fowler through thei...
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neurology
neurology , study of the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human nervous system. As researchers, neurologists carry on investigative and experimental work in such areas as conductivity, embryology, and the metabolism of nervous tissue. As practicing physicians, neurologists diagnose and t...
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autism
autism , developmental disability resulting from a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain. It is characterized by the abnormal development of communication skills, social skills, and reasoning. Males are affected four times as often as females. Children may appear gen...
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dermatology
dermatology , branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin . Dermatologists also study the structure and function of the skin, and the relationship between skin pathologies and malfunctions of other organs of the body. Dermatology often overlaps ...
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Oliver Wolf Sacks
Oliver Wolf Sacks 1933-, British neurologist and author, b. London, educated at Oxford. In 1960 he moved to the United States, where he continued his medical training. He began an association with Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1965, later becoming a professor of neurology ...
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motivation
motivation in psychology, the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. Some human activity seems to be best explained by postulating an inner directing drive. While a drive is often considered to be an innate biological mechanism that determines the organism's activity (see...
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), formerly called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, a chronic, neurologically based syndrome characterized by any or all of three types of behavior: hyperactivity, distractibility, and impulsivity. Hyperactivity refers to feelings of restlessn...
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome congenital disorder characterized by mild to severe mental retardation , slow physical development, and characteristic physical features. Down syndrome affects about 1 in every 730 live births and occurs in all populations equally. It was first described in 1866 by an English physici...
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bionics
bionics the study of living systems with the intention of applying their principles to the design of engineering systems. Drawing on interdisciplinary research in the mechanical and life sciences, bionics has been used to develop audiovisual equipment based on human eye and ear function, to design ...
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Jean Martin Charcot
Jean Martin Charcot , 1825-93, French neurologist. He developed at the Salpêtrière in Paris the greatest clinic of his time for diseases of the nervous system. He made many important observations on these diseases, described the characteristics of tabes dorsalis, differentiated multiple...
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