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relief
relief in sculpture, three-dimensional projection from a flat background. In alto-relievo, or high relief, the protrusion is great; basso-relievo, or bas-relief, protrudes only slightly; and mezzo-relievo is intermediate between the two. Ancient Egyptians and Etruscans also used cavo relievo, inta...
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procaine
procaine , anesthetic drug, commonly called novocaine, that gives prolonged relief from pain (see anesthesia ). It is used as a local anesthetic and in rectal and other surgery . It is marketed under the trade name Novocain.
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intaglio
intaglio , design cut into stone or other material or etched or engraved in a metal plate, producing a concave, instead of a convex, effect. It is the reverse of a relief or cameo . The term also designates a gem so cut. Seals and signet rings usually bear intaglio designs, so that when stamped upo...
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topography
topography , description or representation of the features and configuration of land surfaces. Topographic maps use symbols and coloring, with particular attention given to the shape and elevations of terrain. Relief is portrayed by means of contour lines, hachures, shading, or coloring to represe...
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Jean Arp
Jean Arp 1887-1966, French sculptor and painter. Arp was connected with the Blaue Reiter in Munich, various avant-garde groups in Paris, including the surrealists, and the Dadaists in Zürich. He consistently created novel and abstract forms in various media—bas-reliefs, collages, paint...
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Willi Baumeister
Willi Baumeister , 1889-1955, German artist. Influenced by primitive art and Miro's surrealism , Baumeister created abstractions that contain mechanical and organic forms. In later works (e.g., Reddish Relief with Sand, 1950; Baumeister Coll., Stuttgart) he included ideographic signs in his compo...
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Clodion
Clodion or Claude Michel , 1738-1814, French rococo sculptor. He executed several important commissions under Louis XVI but is best remembered for his bas-reliefs and small figure groups in bronze and terra-cotta representing fauns, nymphs, and children. He is represented in the Louvre and in th...
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Alexander Colins
Alexander Colins , c.1527-1612, Flemish sculptor. He brought European court mannerism to Germany, where he directed the sculpture on the Ottheinrichsbau (1562) in Heidelberg. He designed the sculpture for the tomb of Ferdinand II and executed most of the reliefs in marble on the tomb of Maximilian I...
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Punt
Punt , ancient land S of Egypt accessible by way of the Red Sea. Its exact location has not been identified, but it probably included the Somali coast. Temple reliefs at Deir el Bahari in W Thebes depict an Egyptian expedition to Punt in the reign of Hatshepsut. From Punt the Egyptians obtained slav...
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Kurt Schwitters
Kurt Schwitters , 1887-1948, German artist. Influenced by Kandinsky, by Picasso's reliefs, and by Dada constructions, he invented Merz [trash] constructions—arrangements of diverse materials and objects. Schwitters created gigantic architectural structures out of rubbish. His collages ar...
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