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vivisection
vivisection , dissection of living animals for experimental purposes. The use of the term in recent years has been expanded to include all experimentation on living animals, rather than just dissection alone. The practice contributed to the outstanding progress that was made in the 17th cent. by Wil...
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socialized medicine
socialized medicine publicly administered system of national health care. The term is used to describe programs that range from government operation of medical facilities to national health-insurance plans. In 1948, Great Britain passed the National Health Service Act that provided free physician a...
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Gulf War syndrome
Gulf War syndrome popular name for a variety of ailments experienced by veterans after the Persian Gulf War . Symptoms reported include nausea, cramps, rashes, short-term memory loss, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, headaches, joint and muscle pain, and birth defects. Ailments have been reported...
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gene therapy
gene therapy the use of genes and the techniques of genetic engineering in the treatment of a genetic disorder or chronic disease. There are many techniques of gene therapy, all of them still in experimental stages. The two basic methods are called in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. The in vivo ...
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federalism
federalism Political system that allows states united under a central government to maintain a measure of independence. Examples include the USA, Australia, Canada, Germany, India, and Switzerland. Central government has supreme authority, but the component states retain a considerable amount of au...
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smoking
smoking inhalation and exhalation of the fumes of burning tobacco in cigars and cigarettes and pipes. Some persons draw the smoke into their lungs; others do not. Smoking was probably first practiced by the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. Originally used in religious rituals, and ...
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physician assistant
physician assistant (PA), health-care professional who provides patient services ranging from taking medical histories and doing physical examinations to performing minor surgical procedures; often called physician's assistant. Physician assistants work under the supervision of a physician, who can...
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lung cancer
lung cancer cancer that originates in the tissues of the lungs . Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States in both men and women. Like other cancers, lung cancer occurs after repeated insults to the genetic material of the cell. By far the most common source of these ...
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Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound Minto, 4th earl of
Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound Minto, 4th earl of , 1845-1914, British colonial administrator. He entered the army in 1867, eventually becoming (1884) military secretary to Lord Lansdowne, governor-general of Canada. As a popular governor-general himself (1898-1904) Minto maintained cordial r...
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John Kenneth Galbraith
John Kenneth Galbraith , 1908-2006, American economist and public official, b. Ontario, Canada, grad. Univ. of Toronto (B.S., 1931), Univ. of California, Berkeley (M.S., 1933; Ph.D., 1934). After becoming (1937) a U.S. citizen and teaching economics at Harvard (1934-39) and Princeton (1939-40), he e...
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