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Groton
Groton , town (1990 pop. 45,144), New London co., SE Conn., including the borough of Groton and the village of West Mystic, on the Thames River opposite New London; settled c.1650, inc. 1705. Shipbuilding, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, and commercial fishing are among the town's industries. The hu...
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Hukbalahap
Hukbalahap (Huk) , Communist-led guerrilla movement in the Philippines. It developed during World War II as a guerrilla army to fight the Japanese; the name is a contraction of a Tagalog phrase meaning "People's Anti-Japanese Army." After the war the army openly declared its Communist orientat...
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Mir
Mir a Soviet space station, launched in 1986 and designed to be permanently manned. The name is Russian, literally ‘peace’....
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X-ray astronomy
X-ray astronomy study of celestial objects by means of the X rays they emit, in the wavelength range from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. X-ray astronomy dates to 1949 with the discovery that the sun emits X rays. Since X rays could not be observed from ground-based telescopes, V-2 rockets launched from Whi...
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battle of Monmouth
battle of Monmouth in the American Revolution, fought June 28, 1778, near the village of Monmouth Courthouse (now Freehold, N.J.). Gen. George Washington chose this location to attack the British troops, who were retreating from Philadelphia to New York City. Gen. Charles Lee launched the assault...
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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla , 1753-1811, Mexican priest and revolutionary, a national hero. A creole intellectual, he was influenced by the French Revolution. As parish priest of the village of Dolores, Hidalgo attempted to improve the lot of the natives. Under his direction the indigenous peoples set...
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Erie
Erie city (1990 pop. 108,718), seat of Erie co., NW Pa., on Lake Erie; inc. as a city 1851. Pennsylvania's only port on the Great Lakes, Erie is a busy shipping point for coal, iron ore, grain, petroleum, machinery, and lumber. Its manufactures include hospital equipment; locomotives; paper, food, ...
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Young Men's Christian Association
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), organization having as its objective the development of values and behaviors that are consistent with Christian principles. Despite the retention of the name, membership is not limited to Christians, and since World War II women and girls have been accepted...
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Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur Cosmodrome , formerly secret aerospace launch complex, Qyzylorda prov., S central Kazakhstan, near Leninsk (now Baikonur) but c.200 mi (320 km) SW of the mining town of Baikonur, whose name it was given to mislead the curious. The first facilities were built in the mid-1950s and served as t...
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Sir Alexander Bustamante
Sir Alexander Bustamante , 1884-1977, prime minister of Jamaica (1962-67). The son of an Irish father and a Jamaican mother, he was adopted and taken to Spain as a child. He joined the Spanish army, then traveled extensively, working at a wide variety of jobs. Returning to Jamaica in 1932, he became...
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