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genius
genius in Roman religion, guardian spirit of a man, a family, or a state. In some instances, a place, a city, or an institution had its genius. As the guardian spirit of an individual, the genius (corresponding to the Greek demon) was largely the force of one's natural desires. The genius of the pa...
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Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton 1765-1815, American inventor, engineer, and painter, b. near Lancaster, Pa. He was a man remarkable for his many talents and his mechanical genius. An expert gunsmith at the time of the American Revolution, he later turned to painting (1782-86) landscapes and portraits in Philadelphia...
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ion
ion atom or group of atoms having a net electric charge .
Positive and Negative Electric Charges
A neutral atom or group of atoms becomes an ion by gaining or losing one or more electrons or protons. Since the electron and proton have equal but opposite unit charges, the charge of an ion...
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Leigh Hunt
Leigh Hunt (James Henry Leigh Hunt) , 1784-1859, English poet, critic, and journalist. He was a friend of the eminent literary men of his time, and his home was the gathering place for such notable writers as Hazlitt , Lamb , Keats , and Shelley . With his brother John, Hunt established (1808)...
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concentration
concentration in chemistry, measure of the relative proportions of two or more quantities in a mixture . The concentration of a solute is very important in studying chemical reactions because it determines how often molecules collide in solution and thus indirectly determines the rates of reaction...
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solution
solution in chemistry, homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The dissolving medium is called the solvent , and the dissolved material is called the solute. A solution is distinct from a colloid or a suspension .
In most common solutions, the solvent is a liquid, often water, and...
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astronomy
astronomy branch of science that studies the motions and natures of celestial bodies, such as planets , stars , and galaxies ; more generally, the study of matter and energy in the universe at large.
Ancient Astronomy
Astronomy is the oldest of the physical sciences. In many ea...
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François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture
François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture , c.1744-1803, Haitian patriot and martyr. A self-educated slave freed shortly before the uprising in 1791, he joined the black rebellion to liberate the slaves and became its organizational genius. Rapidly rising in power, Toussaint joined forces for ...
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Johann Heinrich Merck
Johann Heinrich Merck , 1741-91, German critic. He was the counselor of many young writers, including Goethe, whose genius he was first to recognize.
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automation
automation automatic operation and control of machinery or processes by devices, such as robots that can make and execute decisions without human intervention. The principal feature of such devices is their use of self-correcting control systems that employ feedback , i.e., they use part of thei...
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