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Renato Guttuso Renato Guttuso
Guttuso, Renato (1912–1987). Italian painter, born at Bagheria, near Palermo, in Sicily. He was a forceful personality and Italy's leading exponent of Social Realism in the 20th century; although he never subordinated artistic quality to political propaganda, his art was often the direct... Read more
Ignazio Silone Ignazio Silone
Ignazio Silone , 1900-1978, Italian novelist and journalist, whose original name was Secondo Tranquilli. A Socialist and for a time a Communist, he has devoted his writings to attacking Fascism and promoting Socialism without sacrificing human and literary values to his thesis. He fled Italy in... Read more
Filippo Turati Filippo Turati
Turati, Filippo (b. 25 Nov. 1857, d. 29 Mar. 1932). Italian Socialist Born in Como, he studied at the University of Bologna and in 1883 published Il delitto e la questione sociale, in which he argued for a causal link between crime and social deprivation. In 1889 he co-founded the Milanese Socialist... Read more
Eugenio Montale Eugenio Montale
Eugenio Montale , 1896-1981, Italian poet, critic, and translator. After working as an editor, Montale became chief librarian of the Gabinetto Vieusseux in Florence. His complex poetry expresses the tensions and disorders of 20th-century European culture, especially of Italian social and political... Read more
Adolfo Venturi Adolfo Venturi
Venturi, Adolfo (b Modena, 4 Sept. 1856; d Santa Margherita Ligure, nr. Genoa, 10 June 1941). The most distinguished Italian art historian of his generation. He taught at the university of Rome from 1890 to 1931, and in 1901 he was appointed professor there—the first holder of a chair in art... Read more
fascism fascism
fascism , totalitarian philosophy of government that glorifies the state and nation and assigns to the state control over every aspect of national life. The name was first used by the party started by Benito Mussolini , who ruled Italy from 1922 until the Italian defeat in World War II. However, it... Read more
Theophile Gautier Theophile Gautier
Théophile Gautier , 1811-72, French poet, novelist, and critic. He was a leading exponent of art for art's sake—the belief that formal, aesthetic beauty is the sole purpose of a work of art. An important manifesto of this theory appeared in the preface of his novel Mademoiselle de... Read more
H. H. La Thangue H. H. La Thangue
La Thangue, H. H. ( Herbert Henry La Thangue) (b Croydon, Surrey [now Greater London], 19 Jan. 1859; d London, 21 Dec. 1929). British painter. He studied mainly at the Royal Academy in London and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 1887 he described the Academy as ‘the diseased root... Read more

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