|
Marie de France
Marie de France , fl. 1155-90, poet. Born in France, she spent her adult life in England in aristocratic circles and wrote in Anglo-Norman. She is best known for some dozen lais; several are of Celtic origin, and some are Arthurian.
Bibliography: See Lais, ed. by A. Ewert (1944). See translati...
Read more
|
|
Joseph Marie Jacquard
Joseph Marie Jacquard , 1752-1834, French inventor, whose loom is of the greatest importance in modern mechanical figure weaving. After several years of experimentation, he received a bronze medal for his model exhibited at the Industrial Exposition at Paris (1801). In 1806 his perfected loom was bo...
Read more
|
|
France
France , officially French Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 60,656,000), 211,207 sq mi (547,026 sq km), W Europe. France is bordered by the English Channel (N), the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Biscay (W), Spain and Andorra (SW), the Mediterranean Sea (S), Switzerland and Italy (SE), and Germany,...
Read more
|
|
|
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis kätō´-käNbrāzē´ , 1559, concluded at Le Cateau, France, by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and Elizabeth I of England. It put an end to the 60-year conflict between France and Spain, begun with t...
Read more
|
|
|
Treaty of Arras
Treaty of Arras 1 Treaty of 1435, between King Charles VII of France and Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. Through it, France and Burgundy became reconciled. Philip deserted his English allies and recognized Charles as king of France. In return, Philip received the Somme towns and was exempte...
Read more
|
|
|
Mary of Modena
Mary of Modena , 1658-1718, queen consort of James II of England; daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena. Her marriage (1673) to James, then duke of York, was brought about through the influence of Louis XIV of France. Mary was a devout Roman Catholic and therefore unpopular in Protestant England....
Read more
|
|
|
Peace of the Pyrenees
Peace of the Pyrenees 1659, treaty ending the warfare between France and Spain that, continuing after the Peace of Westphalia, had been complicated by French intervention in the revolt of the Catalans (1640-52) and by Spanish intervention in the Fronde . Together with the Peace of Westphalia, it m...
Read more
|
|
|
Feast of Fools
Feast of Fools burlesque religious festival of the Middle Ages. It occurred during the Christmas and New Year's revels, on or near New Year's Day. In many places a Lord of Misrule ruled over the revels. In France and England the ceremonies were under the charge of the Boy-Bishop, a young man fitted...
Read more
|
|
Paul de Chomedey Maisonneuve, sieur de
Paul de Chomedey Maisonneuve, sieur de , 1612-76, founder and first governor of Montreal, b. France. A soldier, he fought in European wars before being sent by the Société de Notre Dame de Montréal to take possession of their grant in the new world. He landed (1642) on Montreal ...
Read more
|
|
E. E. Cummings
E. E. Cummings (Edward Estlin Cummings), 1894-1962, American poet, b. Cambridge, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1915. His poetry, noted for its eccentricities of typography, language, and punctuation, usually seeks to convey a joyful, living awareness of sex and love. Among his 15 volumes of poetry are Tul...
Read more
|
