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monoclonal antibody
monoclonal antibody an antibody that is mass produced in the laboratory from a single clone and that recognizes only one antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are typically made by fusing a normally short-lived, antibody-producing B cell (see immunity ) to a fast-growing cell, such as a cancer cell (some...
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Georges Jean Franz Köhler
Georges Jean Franz Köhler , 1946-95, German immunologist, Ph.D. Univ. of Freiburg, 1974. He worked (1974-76) with César Milstein at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. There they developed a practical technique for mass-producing monoclonal antibodies by fusing...
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antibody
antibody protein produced by the immune system (see immunity ) in response to the presence in the body of antigens: foreign proteins or polysaccharides such as bacteria, bacterial toxins , viruses, or other cells or proteins. Such antigens are capable of inflicting damage by chemically combining ...
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medicine
medicine the science and art of treating and preventing disease.
History of Medicine
Ancient Times
Prehistoric skulls found in Europe and South America indicate that Neolithic man was already able to trephine, or remove disks of bone from, the skull successfully, but whether this del...
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biotechnology
biotechnology the use of biological processes, as through the exploitation and manipulation of living organisms or biological systems, in the development or manufacture of a product or in the technological solution to a problem. As such, biotechnology is a general category that has applications in ...
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non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma any cancer of the lymphoid tissue (see lymphatic system ) in which the Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic of Hodgkin's disease (the other category of lymphoma) are not present. There are about 10 different types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, some slower- or faster-growing t...
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genetic engineering
genetic engineering the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells to change hereditary traits or produce biological products. The techniques include the use of hybridomas (hybrids of rapidly multiplying cancer cells and of cells that make a desired antibody) to make ...
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leukemia
leukemia , cancerous disorder of the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow, lymphatics, liver, spleen) characterized by excessive production of immature or mature leukocytes (white blood cells; see blood ) and consequently a crowding-out of red blood cells and platelets. It was first named by Rudolf ...
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immunity
immunity ability of an organism to resist disease by identifying and destroying foreign substances or organisms. Although all animals have some immune capabilities, little is known about nonmammalian immunity. Mammals are protected by a variety of preventive mechanisms, some of them nonspecific (e....
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infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosis , acute infectious disease of older children and young adults, occurring sporadically or in epidemic form, also known as mono, glandular fever, and kissing disease. The causative organism is a herpesvirus known as Epstein-Barr virus . The disease occurs most often in patien...
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