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Estonia
Estonia , Estonian Eesti, officially Republic of Estonia, republic (2005 est. pop. 1,333,000), 17,413 sq mi (45,100 sq km). It borders on the Baltic Sea in the west; the gulfs of Riga and Finland (both arms of the Baltic) in the southwest and north, respectively; Latvia in the south; and Russia in... Read more |
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Tartu
Tartu , Ger. and Swed. Dorpat, city (1994 pop. 105,844), E Estonia, a port on the Ema River. The second largest city of Estonia, it is an important industrial and cultural center and a rail junction. Food processing, metalworking, printing and publishing, and the production of leather footwear and... Read more |
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Livonian War
LIVONIAN WAR The Livonian War (1558–1583), for the possession of Livonia (historic region that became Latvia and Estonia) was first between Russia and the knightly Order of Livonia, and then between Russia and Sweden and the Polish–L... Read more |
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Saaremaa
Saaremaa or Sarema , Swed. Ösel, Rus. Ezel, 1,048 sq mi (2,714 sq km), island off the mainland of Estonia, in the Baltic Sea, across the mouth of the Gulf of Riga. It is irregular in shape and has a level terrain. Dairy farming, stock raising, and fishing are the chief occupations.... Read more |
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Parnu
Pärnu , Ger. Pernau, Rus. Pyarnu, city (1994 pop. 51,963), SW Estonia, on the Gulf of Riga. A seaport, it exports timber and flax and is also a beach and health resort. It was founded c.1250 by the Livonian Knights and became a city of the Hanseatic League. After the dissolution (1561) of... Read more |
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Baltic states
Baltic states the countries of Estonia , Latvia , and Lithuania , bordering on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Formed in 1918, they remained independent republics until their involuntary incorporation in 1940 into the USSR. They regained their independence in Sept., 1991, and virtually all... Read more |
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Lake Peipus
Lake Peipus , Estonian Peipsi Järv, Rus. Chudskoye Ozero, c.1,390 sq mi (3,600 sq km), dividing Estonia from the W Pskov region, Russia. Its southern section is known as Lake Pskov. Lake Peipus, which is navigable, empties through the Narva River into the Gulf of Finland. On the frozen... Read more |
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Viktor Chernov
CHERNOV, VIKTOR MIKHAILOVICH (1873–1952), pseudonyms: 'Ia. Vechev', 'Gardenin', 'V. Lenuar'; leading theorist and activist of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Viktor Chernov was born into a noble family in Samara province. He studied at the Saratov gymnasium, but was transferred to the... Read more |
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Wolfgang Koehler
Köhler, WolfgangWORKS BY KÖHLERSUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHYWolfgang Köhler, psychologist and philosopher, was one of the founders of the gestalt school of psychology. While the scope of his intellectual contributions was extremely broad—ranging from theoretical physics and brain physiology to... Read more |
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Livonia
Livonia , region and former Russian province, comprising present Estonia and parts of Latvia (Vidzeme and Latgale ). It borders on the Baltic Sea and its arms, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland, in the west and the north and extends E to Lake Peipus (Chudskoye) and the Narva. Livonia,... Read more |
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Estonia
Estonia Country statisticsarea:44,700sq km...sentiRepublic on the e coast of the Baltic Sea, Estonia is the smallest of the three Baltic states...Peipus and the River Narva make up most of Estonia's Russian border. Estonia has more than... |
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Baltic States
...history of the three Baltic States (See Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) followed a very similar pattern during...other Soviet immigrants, especially to Estonia and Latvia.Baltic war losses are not easily...USSR as the ‘Soviet Republics’ of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania ... |
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Lithuania
...ruled by the nationalist dictatorship of A. Smetona. Unlike Estonia and Latvia, it had enjoyed good relations with Moscow, largely...of its German, Jewish, and Polish elements, but, unlike Estonia and Latvia, it was not subjected to a major post-war influx... |
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Stalin as war leader
...new formal boundaries of the USSR. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were swiftly forced into the USSR in June of 1940. Finland...The resistance in eastern Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia was short-lived and brutally repressed. The Great Terror... |
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Courland Peninsula
...against German Army Group North, which still occupied Latvia and Estonia. Hitler, engaged in convincing himself that the alliance against...Stalin had put out peace feelers, jeopardized the front in Estonia by withholding his approval for four days.Aware by the end... |
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oil shale
...and some have been exploited widely. Only one country, Estonia, currently has an energy economy dominated by oil shale because of the lack...unless there were special circumstances (as, for example, in Estonia, which has no other fossil fuels available).Any modern... |
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Commonwealth of Independent States
...Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). The CIS formed in 1991. The Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) did not join. In 1993 all members, except Ukraine, signed a treaty of economic union, creating... |
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European Union
...CAP), the EU faces the challenges posed by enlargement. On May 2, 2004 ten new members joined: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia. In addition to the Commission and Parliament, the... |
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NATO
...Continent. From 1945 to 1949, to widen the Communist sphere of influence, the USSR had annexed Czechoslovakia, East Prussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and sections of Finland, and had penetrated into the governments of Albania, Bulgaria... |
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ro-ro (roll-on roll-off) ship
...Enterprise capsized in shallow water so that some of the passengers, who might otherwise have perished, were rescued. With the Estonia, after its bow cargo door was ripped off in a Baltic storm in September 1994, the passengers had no chance at all, and over... |
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Estonia
Estonia A country in the north of Europe, bounded...husbandry.History Annexed by Russia in 1709, Estonia regained its independence in 1918, at...reinstated the constitution of the Republic of Estonia of 1920. Talks began with the Soviet Union... |
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Latvia
...created by Adolf Hitler† and comprising Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Byelorussia. It...landowners and bishops (1230–1561). With Estonia it became part of Livonia in 1346. The name...1920 did the three Baltic provinces of Estonia, Courland, and Livonia become the two... |
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Baltic Entente
...1934) A mutual defence pact between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Soon after...empire, that is, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, but these collapsed. Latvia and Estonia did however make an agreement in 1923... |
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Estonian
Es·to·ni·an / eˈstōnēən/ • adj. of or relating to Estonia or its people or their language. • n. 1. a native or national of Estonia, or a person of Estonian descent. 2. the Finno-Ugric language of Estonia, closely related to Finnish. |
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Livonia
Livonia (Vidzeme), Estonia‐Latvia, USA 1. Estonia‐Latvia: the Latin name (German, Livland) for an area...Lithuania, incorporating Latvia and the southern part of modern Estonia, named after the Livs, a Finno‐Ugric people. It may... |
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Baltic Council
...September 1934 to foster solidarity between the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) in the face of aggression from Stalin...on 12 May 1990 by the newly refounded independent states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Again, it was primarily a defensive... |
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Peipus, Lake
Peipus, Lake (Estonian: Peipsi Järv; Russian: Chudskoye Ozero), Estonia‐Russia A lake forming part of the border between Estonia and Russia. The Estonian name is said to come from the Finnish peipposen ‘finches... |
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Stalin, Iosef Vissarioniovich
...Eastern Europe to his control. By early 1941, he had annexed Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, eastern Poland, and parts of Romania...the war, he applied the same methods to the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, when he ‘exchanged’ a large... |
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Amazonia
...California, cornea •Amazonia, ammonia, Antonia, Babylonia, begonia, bonier, Catalonia, catatonia, Cephalonia, Estonia, Ionia, Laconia, Livonia, Macedonia, mahonia, Patagonia, pneumonia, Rondônia, sinfonia, Snowdonia, valonia, zirconia... |
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Armenia
...California, cornea •Amazonia, ammonia, Antonia, Babylonia, begonia, bonier, Catalonia, catatonia, Cephalonia, Estonia, Ionia, Laconia, Livonia, Macedonia, mahonia, Patagonia, pneumonia, Rondônia, sinfonia, Snowdonia, valonia, zirconia... |
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Estonia Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Report Q3 2008 Is Out Now.
...6 October 2008-Research and Markets: Estonia Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Report Q3...researchandmarkets.com/research/a3ce2c/estonia_pharmaceut) has announced the addition of the "Estonia Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Report Q3... |
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ESTONIA: PRIME MINISTERS OF ESTONIA, JAPAN HOPE FOR PRODUCTIVE COLLABORATION,...
...more common Internet-based services in Estonia - amongst other things, the popularity...the Estonian ID card. Speaking about Estonia-Japan relations, both parties noted...was very good. Amongst other things, Estonia-Japan joint activity in rebuilding the... |
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ESTONIA: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC CONFERRED STATE DECORATIONS
...in recognition of their services to Estonia and its people on the occasion of the 88th anniversary of the Republic of Estonia and the 15th anniversary of the restoration...and in recognition of services to Estonia and its people. Among the reward... |
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Estonia and the European Union.
...Since regaining its independence in 1991 Estonia has carried out its economic and political...determination. The objective has been to develop Estonia into a Western style society and to follow...and an attractive investment climate. Estonia's relationship to the European ... |
 "The Boston Globe (Boston, MA)")
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ESTONIA TAKES TURN FOR THE BEST AFTER BREAKUP, COUNTRY FLOURISHING WHILE...
NARVA, Estonia - Russians live on both sides of the Narva...nestled to the west is tiny, prosperous Estonia with its booming economy, vibrant democracy...easygoing well-to-do population.When Estonia won its independence following the 1991... |
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ESTONIA: PRIME MINISTER ANDRUS ANSIP MET WITH ITALY'S FOREIGN MINISTER FRANCO...
TALLINN, Estonia, April 22 -- The office of the Prime Minister issued...centred on the relations between the two countries, on Estonia's objective of joining the Eurozone and on Estonia's candidacy for the position of the host country... |
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ESTONIA: PRIME MINISTER ANSIP GIVES PRESIDENT OF FINLAND OVERVIEW OF...
TALLINN, Estonia, May 4 -- The office of the Prime Minister...Tarja Halonen, who is on a state visit to Estonia, met for a working lunch during which...gave President Halonen an overview of Estonia's readiness to join the euro area at... |
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ESTONIA: PRIME MINISTER ANSIP, ANGEL GURRIA SIGN ESTONIA'S ACCESSION...
TALLINN, Estonia, June 3 -- The office of the Prime Minister...operation and Development (OECD), signed Estonia's accession agreement with the OECD...is an event of symbolic importance for Estonia and is international recognition for the... |
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Estonia Seeks Stronger EU Response To Russia
...NPR All Things Considered 09-09-2008 Estonia Seeks Stronger EU Response To Russia Host...reaction is another former Soviet Republic, Estonia. After Russia attacked Georgia last month, Estonia urged the EU to react strongly to the incursion... |
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Estonia faces downside of freewheeling capitalism Former Soviet republic...
...Group International Herald Tribune 10-10-2008 Estonia faces downside of freewheeling capitalism Former...GroupEdition: 4Section: FINANCE/BUSINESSTALLINN, Estonia -- For nearly two decades, Estonia charged onto the frontiers of capitalism with... |
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