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eminent domain
eminent domain the right of a government to force the owner of private property sell it if it is needed for a public use. The right is based on the doctrine that a sovereign state has dominion over all lands and buildings within its borders, which has its origins in the landholding system under fe...
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nationalization
nationalization acquisition and operation by a country of business enterprises formerly owned and operated by private individuals or corporations. State or local authorities have traditionally taken private property for such public purposes as the construction of roads, dams, or public buildings. K...
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franchise
franchise in government, a right specifically conferred on a group or individual by a government, especially the privilege conferred by a municipality on a corporation of operating public utilities, such as electricity, telephone, and bus services. Franchises may not be revoked without the consent ...
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Henry Thomas Buckle
Henry Thomas Buckle 1821-62, English historian. Contemptuous of the historical writing of his day, with its intense concern with politics, wars, and heroes, Buckle undertook the ambitious plan of writing a history of civilization, treating people in relation to each other and to the natural world. ...
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land
land in law, any ground, soil, or earth regarded as the subject of ownership, including trees, water, buildings added by humans, the air above, and the earth below. Private ownership of land does not exist in groups that live by hunting, fishing, or herding; e.g., in pre-Columbian times in America,...
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Arthur Schnitzler
Arthur Schnitzler , 1862-1931, Austrian dramatist and novelist. The son of a prominent Jewish Viennese physician, he studied and practiced medicine until he attracted critical notice with his drama Anatol (1893, tr. 1982), a cycle of one-act plays concerning a philanderer. He followed a similar fo...
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Emin Pasha
Emin Pasha , 1840-92, German explorer, whose original name was Eduard Schnitzer. A physician, he served (1876-78) under Gen. Charles Gordon in Sudan as a district medical officer. In 1878 he succeeded Gordon as governor of Equatoria, the southernmost province of the Egyptian Sudan. In 1885 he was cu...
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Joseph Joachim Raff
Joseph Joachim Raff , 1822-82, Swiss-German composer and pianist, largely self-taught. He was a friend and follower of Liszt , who produced his opera King Alfred at Weimar in 1851. A prolific composer, Raff achieved a position of eminence in Germany during his late years, but is chiefly remembere...
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Allan Cunningham
Allan Cunningham 1784-1842, Scottish author. His collection of The Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern (4 vol., 1825) included his own "A Wet Sheet and a Flowing Sea," one of the best-known sea ballads. His six-volume Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects a...
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Hanna Holborn Gray
Hanna Holborn Gray 1930-, American historian, president of the Univ. of Chicago (1978-93), b. Germany. Her father, the eminent historian Hajo Holborn, fled the Nazis in 1934 and settled in the U.S. A Renaissance and Reformation scholar, Gray became provost of Yale in 1974 and acting president in 19...
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