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	celestite celestite or celestine , mineral appearing in blue-tinged or white orthorhombic crystals or in fibrous masses. The natural sulfate of strontium, SrSO 4 , it is important as a source of strontium and of certain of its compounds, e.g., strontium hydroxide, used in refining beet sugar, and... Read more
	strontium strontium [from Strontian, a Scottish town], a metallic chemical element; symbol Sr; at. no. 38; at. wt. 87.62; m.p. 769°C; b.p. 1,384°C; sp. gr. 2.6 at 20°C; valence +2. Strontium is a soft, silver-yellow metal with three allotropic crystalline forms (see allotropy ). It is an ... Read more
	surface chemistry surface chemistry study of chemical reactions in which the reactants are first adsorbed onto a surface medium (see adsorption ) that then acts as a catalyst for the reaction; after the reaction the products are desorbed and the surface is left unchanged. Since the entire reaction takes place on... Read more
	Kinetics Kinetics Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions. Such reaction rates range from the almost instantaneous, as in an explosion, to the almost unnoticeably slow, as in corrosion. The aim of chemical kinetics is to make predictions about the... Read more
	kinetic energy kinetic energy The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion in space. It is equivalent to the work that would be done if the moving body were brought to rest. When the speed of a body is much less than the speed of light, kinetic energy is equal to ½mv2, where m is the mass of the... Read more
	effective population size effective population size The average number of individuals in a population that actually contribute genes to succeeding generations by breeding. This number is generally rather lower than the observed, censused, population size, being reduced by the following factors: a. a higher proportion of one... Read more
	kinetic art kinetic art term referring to sculptured works that include motion as a significant dimension. The form was pioneered by Marcel Duchamp , Naum Gabo , and Alexander Calder . Kinetic art is either nonmechanical, e.g., Calder's mobiles , or mechanical, e.g., works by Gabo, László ... Read more
	op art op art , movement that became prominent in the United States and Europe in the mid-1960s. Deriving from abstract expressionism , op art includes paintings concerned with surface kinetics. Colors were used in creating visual effects, such as afterimages and trompe-l'oeil. Vibrating colors,... Read more
	Isoflavones Isoflavones Isoflavonesare phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that potentially have strong biologicalactivity (and, therefore, a physiologicaleffect) in the body. They may help lower the risk for various diseases,... Read more
	catalyst catalyst substance that can cause a change in the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction; the changing of the reaction rate by use of a catalyst is called catalysis. Substances that increase the rate of reaction are called positive catalysts or, simply,... Read more