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Edessa
Edessa , ancient city of Mesopotamia, on the site of modern Şanluurfa , Turkey. It emerged in the 4th cent. BC as Orrhoe, or Arrhoe, and was later named Edessa by Seleucus I of Syria. From c.137 BC it was the capital of the independent kingdom of Osroene. It later became a Roman city. There in... Read more |
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Shapur I
Shapur I or Sapor I , d.272, king of Persia (241-72), son and successor of Ardashir I, of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty. He was an able warrior king. Although he was defeated by the Roman emperor, Gordian III, in 242, he halted Gordian's advance at Misiche in 244. Gordian's successor, ... Read more |
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King of Jerusalem Baldwin I
Baldwin I Baldwin I (ca. 1058-1118), a Norman known earlier as Baldwin of Boulogne and a chief lay leader of the First Crusade, reigned as king of Jerusalem from 1100 to 1118. Son of the Norman Count of Boulogne, Baldwin joined the First Crusade with his brothers, Eustace and Godfrey of... Read more |
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Second Council of Constantinople
Second Council of Constantinople 553, regarded generally as the fifth ecumenical council. It was convened by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I to settle the dispute known as the Three Chapters. In an attempt to reconcile moderate Monophysite parties to orthodoxy, Justinian had issued (544) a... Read more |
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Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem feudal state created by leaders of the First Crusade (see Crusades ) in the areas they had wrested from the Muslims in Syria and Palestine. In 1099, after their capture of Jerusalem, the Crusaders chose Godfrey of Bouillon king; he declined the title, preferring that... Read more |
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Tancred (Crusader)
Tancred 1076-1112, Crusader. He became a Crusader in 1096 with his uncle Bohemond I . After distinguishing himself at Nicaea, he struck out into Cilicia and besieged Tarsus, but was deprived of the city, after its fall, by Baldwin ( Baldwin I of Jerusalem) and was forced to rejoin the main army.... Read more |
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Armenian literature
Armenian literature The Armenian Church fostered literature, and the principal early works are religious or hagiographical, most of them translations. The first major Armenian literary work is a 5th cent. translation of the Bible; its language became the standard of classical Armenian. Early... Read more |
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