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Julius Andrássy, Count
Julius Andrássy, Count , 1823-90, Hungarian politician. One of the leading figures in the 1848-49 Hungarian revolution, he supported the liberal program of Louis Kossuth and after the Hungarian defeat he went into exile, mostly in Paris and London, until 1858. With Francis Deak he then ro...
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Fath Ali Shah
Fath Ali Shah , also spelled Feth Ali Shah, 1762-1834, shah of Persia (1797-1834), nephew and successor of Aga Muhammad Khan , founder of the Qajar dynasty. Most of his reign was spent in internal and external warfare. He managed to maintain himself against other claimants to the throne but was not...
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Ma Yüan
Ma Yüan , fl. c.1190-1225, Chinese painter of the Sung dynasty and foremost of the Ma family of painters. He became one of the most important landscape painters of the 12th and 13th cent., the other being Hsia Kuei . He was known for his "one-cornered" compositions, in which dramatic effec...
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prisoners of war
prisoners of war in international law, persons captured by a belligerent while fighting in the military. International law includes rules on the treatment of prisoners of war but extends protection only to combatants. This excludes civilians who engage in hostilities (by international law they are ...
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Ch'ing
Ch'ing or Manchu , the last of the Imperial dynasties of China.
Background
The Ch'ing dynasty was established by the Manchus , who invaded China and captured Beijing in 1644, and lasted until 1911. The term Ch'ing means "pure," and it was used to add legitimacy to an alien rule. T...
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Three Emperors' League
Three Emperors' League informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I, and Alexander II. The chief architects of the alliance were Julius Andrássy, Otto von Bismarck, and Prince G...
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Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Vaughan (Sarah Lois Vaughan), 1924-90, American jazz singer, b. Newark, N.J. Nicknamed "Sassie," she studied piano and organ, began singing in her church choir, and won (1942) the famous amateur contest at Harlem's Apollo Theater. Subsequently, she sang with bands led by Earl "Fatha" ...
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hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic [Gr.,=priestly carving], type of writing used in ancient Egypt . Similar pictographic styles of Crete, Asia Minor, and Central America and Mexico are also called hieroglyphics (see Minoan civilization ; Anatolian languages ; Maya ; Aztec ). Interpretation of Egyptian hieroglyphi...
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Merovingian art and architecture
Merovingian art and architecture . This period is named for Merovech, the founder of the first Germanic-Frankish dynasty (c.AD 500-AD 751). The Merovingian period was marked by the gradual decline of the classical tradition and by the absorption of a radically new element into the artistic mainstrea...
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Philip
Philip d. AD 34, tetrarch of Ituraea, son of Herod the Great. He was perhaps the ablest of the Herod dynasty. He is mentioned in the Gospel of St. Luke.
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