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Dada
Dada or Dadaism , international nihilistic movement among European artists and writers that lasted from 1916 to 1922. Born of the widespread disillusionment engendered by World War I, it originated in Zürich with the poetry of the Romanian Tristan Tzara . Dada attacked conventional standar...
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Kurt Schwitters
Kurt Schwitters , 1887-1948, German artist. Influenced by Kandinsky, by Picasso's reliefs, and by Dada constructions, he invented Merz [trash] constructions—arrangements of diverse materials and objects. Schwitters created gigantic architectural structures out of rubbish. His collages ar...
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Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara , 1896-1963, French writer, b. Romania. He studied at the Univ. of Zürich, where he and his friends formulated the dadaist movement initially as a pacifist statement (see Dada ). His theories are expressed in Sept manifestes dada [seven dadaist manifestos] (1924). Tzara moved t...
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Jenny Holzer
Jenny Holzer 1950-, American artist, b. Gallipolis, Ohio. She links text and image in works of art composed of short aphorisms or longer declarations. Influenced by Dada , conceptual art, and feminism, her works range from printed signs to LED word sculptures and from a huge electronic billboard i...
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Francis Picabia
Francis Picabia , 1878-1953, French painter. After working in an impressionist style, Picabia was influenced by cubism and later was one of the original exponents of Dada in Europe and the United States. He contributed to avant-garde periodicals and became associated with the Paris surrealists. ...
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Max Ernst
Max Ernst 1891-1976, German painter. After World War I, Ernst joined the Dada movement in Paris and then became a founder of surrealism . Apart from the medium of collage , for which he is well known, Ernst developed other devices to express his fantastic vision. In frottage he rubbed black c...
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Hans Richter
Hans Richter , 1888-1976, American artist, b. Germany. A painter and filmmaker, Richter was influenced by cubism and Dada and was a member of the Dutch de Stijl group (see Stijl, de ). His preoccupation with continuity led him first to scroll painting and then to the making of abstract films su...
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Man Ray
Man Ray 1890-1976, American photographer, painter, and sculptor, b. Philadelphia. Along with Marcel Duchamp , Ray was a founder of the Dada movement in New York and Paris. He is celebrated for his later surrealist paintings and photography. Among his inventions is the rayograph, a photograph obt...
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collage
collage [Fr.,=pasting], technique in art consisting of cutting and pasting natural or manufactured materials to a painted or unpainted surface—hence, a work of art in this medium. The art of collage was initiated in 1912 when Picasso pasted a section of commercially printed oilcloth to his cu...
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Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp , 1887-1968, French painter, brother of Raymond Duchamp-Villon and half-brother of Jacques Villon . Duchamp is noted for his cubist-futurist painting Nude Descending a Staircase, depicting continuous action with a series of overlapping figures; it was the cause of great controver...
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