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Enrico Berlinguer
Enrico Berlinguer , 1922-84, Italian political leader. Born into a wealthy yet politically radical family, Berlinguer joined the Communist party in 1943 and eventually became its secretary-general (1972-84). He advocated a moderate form of Communism, was a leading advocate of the "Eurocommunist" ... Read more |
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Bulent Ecevit
Bülent Ecevit Turkish politician and writer Bülent Ecevit (born 1925) was alternately prime minister and leader of the opposition in the 1970s; since 1989 he has chaired the Democratic Left Party. Read more |
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Krzysztof Kieslowski
Krzysztof Kieslowski Polish film director Krzysztof Kieslowski (1941-1996) is considered one of his country's most important filmmakers. He began his career in the 1960s making politically subversive documentaries under Poland's Communist regime. He began directing feature films in the 1970s and... Read more |
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Aldo Moro
Aldo Moro , 1916-78, Italian political leader. A lawyer, he entered national politics in 1946, when he was elected to the constituent assembly as a member of the Christian Democratic party. As minister of justice (1955-57), he worked to reform the prison system, strengthening regulations forbidding... Read more |
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Aleksander Kwasniewski
Aleksander Kwaśniewski , 1954-, Polish politician, president of Poland (1995-), b. Bialogard. He studied economics at the Univ. of Gdańsk, joined the Communist party at 23, and was an organizer of the Socialist Union of Polish Students during the late 1970s. He was the editor of ITD ... Read more |
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Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko
Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko , 1909-89, Soviet diplomat. A member of the Communist party from 1931, he entered (1939) the diplomatic service, rising rapidly to become Soviet ambassador to the United States (1943-46) and chief permanent Soviet delegate to the United Nations (1946-48). He was (1952-53)... Read more |
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Defeat
Defeat. Until the 1970s, Americans did not think much about defeat. U.S. military leaders usually defined war aims in terms of total victory, and the civilian culture they defended assumed that God guided the nation's fate and ensured its success. With a profound innocence, Americans denied those... Read more |
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Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev , 1906-82, Soviet leader. He joined (1931) the Communist party and rose steadily in its hierarchy. In 1952 he became a secretary of the party's central committee. After suffering a slight political setback following Joseph Stalin 's death (1953), Brezhnev filled a number of... Read more |
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Ion Iliescu
Ion Iliescu The Romanian Communist Party functionary Ion Iliescu (born 1930) rose to full membership on the Central Committee of the party before falling out of favor with Nicolae Ceausescu in the 1970s. Following the collapse of the Ceausescu regime in late 1989, Iliescu was elected president of... Read more |
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Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer 1898-1990, American business executive, b. New York City. He began in his father's pharmaceutical business and then expanded it into the Soviet Union. He returned (1930) to New York, where he invested in whiskey, cattle, and broadcasting. He invested in Occidental Petroleum... Read more |
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Wyszynski, Cardinal Stefan
...of Gniezno and Warsaw and Primate of Poland from 1948, he protested to communist authorities against the accusations...of a cardinal's hat. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, as leader of Poland's Roman Catholics, he played an active... |
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Poland
...Germany. In 1949, Poland joined the Council...COMECON). In 1952, Poland became a People...recession during the 1970s led to further riots...was banned and its leaders arrested. Continuing...In 1990, the Communist Party disbanded ... |
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Czechoslovakia
...were annexed by Poland and Hungary respectively...as brutal as in Poland or the occupied Soviet...of May 1946, the Communist Party under Gottwald...other hard-line leaders such as Ulbricht...Husák, in which Communist political ... |
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Jacek Kuron, 70; led struggle against communists in Poland
...s communist leaders as a dissident...extraordinary merit to Poland." "He was the unquestionable leader of anti-communist...struggle in the 1970s and '80s...the popular leader of the Solidarity...of ... |
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Is Poland going Communist? Walesa's time was past.(Lech Walesa)
...remarkable extent, the Communists gave Poland its freedom, not...surprisingly, Poland's Communist governments used...troublemakers. But Poland was never like...Poland in the 1970s was strongly ... |
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Jacek Kuron; Led Defiance Of Poland's Communists
...s communist leaders as a dissident in the 1970s and later became...unquestionable leader of anti-communist...struggle in the 1970s and '80s...the popular leader of the Solidarity...of Solidarity ... |
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Poland's Communists Demand Larger Role; Solidarity's Mazowiecki Considers...
...between the union leaders and the legislators...Ministry, but the leader of Solidarity...So far, the Communists have been promised...responsibility for Poland." Speaking...initiative in Poland." Walesa...incurred by ... |
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Popular communist-era dissident, Polish Solidarity leader, Jacek Kuron dies
...Solidarity leader and Poland's most popular...a founder of Poland's anti-communist...opposition in the 1970s and a prominent...Solidarity and the communist authorities that led to Poland's first free...the ... |
 "Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN)")
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Minnesota Poles feel weight of tragedy, history; Hours after a plane crash...
...a plane carrying a swath of Poland's leaders, including its president and...officers, an event ingrained in Poland's memory. "My first thought...said Zorawski, who left Communist Poland in the 1970s. "He murdered thousands ... |
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Communist-Era Dissident Jacek Kuron Dies
...s communist leaders as a dissident...extraordinary merit to Poland.""He was the unquestionable leader of anti-communist...struggle in the 1970s and '80s...the popular leader of the Solidarity...of Solidarity ... |
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Jacek Kuron, a popular communist-era dissident and Polish Solidarity leader,...
...s communist leaders as a dissident...extraordinary merit to Poland.""He was the unquestionable leader of anti-communist...struggle in the 1970s and '80s...the popular leader of the Solidarity...of Solidarity ... |
 "Deseret News (Salt Lake City)")
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Lessons can be learned from Poland's success
...years ago today, communist generals declared martial law in Poland. Many Poles...Martial law in Poland was one of the...degree in the 1970s. But the communist regime in Poland, feeling its...reform. American ... |
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Poland's Powerful Twins Face Key Test Sunday; Despite Long List of Foes,...
For two years, Poland has been ruled by the Kaczynski...have struggled to keep up with Poland's chaotic transition from...met the twins in the mid-1970s in the anti- communist underground. "In Poland, it's only the elites who... |
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