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Ozone layer depletion
OZONE DEPLETION OZONE DEPLETION became a serious concern in the 1980s and has prompted international agreements and changes in manufacturing processes in an attempt to slow depletion and minimize health and environmental problems. Ozone is a denser form of oxygen that shields the Earth from... Read more |
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Fruitcake
Fruitcake Background The fruitcake bears the brunt of many holiday jokes in forums as varied as the Sunday funny pages and boxes of greeting cards. One entrepreneur manufactures fruitcakes—and sells them for use as doorstops. Yet the fruitcake has historical associations... Read more |
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coal gas
coal gas gas obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal, as a byproduct in the preparation of coke . Its composition varies, but in general it is made up largely of hydrogen and methane with small amounts of other hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas), carbon dioxide, and... Read more |
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Fischer-Tropsch process
Fischer-Tropsch process , method for the synthesis of hydrocarbons and other aliphatic compounds. Synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is reacted in the presence of an iron or cobalt catalyst; much heat is evolved, and such products as methane, synthetic gasoline and waxes, and... Read more |
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Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning Definition Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide gas is inhaled. CO is a colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas that is produced by incomplete combustion. It is found in automobile exhaust fumes, faulty stoves and heating systems, fires, and... Read more |
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Manufactured gas
producer gas fuel gas consisting chiefly of carbon monoxide and nitrogen. It is prepared in a furnace or generator in which air is forced upward through a burning fuel of coal or coke. Although the fuel is introduced through the top, no air is admitted there. The carbon of the fuel is oxidized by... Read more |
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carboxyhaemoglobin
carboxyhaemoglobin The highly stable product formed when haemoglobin combines with carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for haemoglobin, with which it binds strongly: the affinity of haemoglobin for carbon monoxide is 250 times greater than that for oxygen. This reduces the... Read more |
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phosgene
phosgene , colorless poison gas , first used during World War I by the Germans (1915). When dispersed in air, the gas has the odor of new-mowed hay. The gas is highly toxic; when inhaled it reacts with water in the lungs to form hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide. Because the upper respiratory... Read more |
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blast furnace
blast furnace structure used chiefly in smelting . The principle involved in this means of extracting metals is that of the reduction of the ores by the action of carbon monoxide, i.e., the removal of oxygen from the metal oxide in order to obtain the metal. Blast furnaces differ in construction.... Read more |
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heat of combustion
heat of combustion heat released during combustion . In particular, it is the amount of heat released when a given amount (usually 1 mole ) of a combustible pure substance is burned to form incombustible products (e.g., water and carbon dioxide); this amount of heat is a characteristic of the... Read more |
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