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icon
icon [Gr. eikon =image], single image created as a focal point of religious veneration, especially a painted or carved portable object of the Orthodox Eastern faith. Icons commonly represent Christ Pantocrator, the Virgin as Queen of the Heavens, or, less frequently, the saints; since the 6th cent...
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Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago (Judy Gerowitz Chicago) , 1939-, American artist, b. Chicago as Judy Cohen. A feminist and founder of the Women's Art Education collective, she works in a variety of media, including such historically female crafts as needlework and china painting. Her best-known work, The Dinner Par...
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Keith Haring
Keith Haring , 1958-90, American artist, b. Kutztown, Pa. He moved to New York City in 1975 and studied at the School of Visual Arts (1978-79). Fascinated with the 1970s graffiti artists, Haring soon joined them in the subways, and his chalked drawings on station advertising boards became undergroun...
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Georges Rouault
Georges Rouault , 1871-1958, French expressionist artist. First apprenticed to a stained-glass maker, Rouault studied after 1891 under Gustave Moreau . He exhibited several paintings with the fauves (see fauvism ) in 1905. His sorrowful and bitter delineations of judges, clowns, and prostitutes ca...
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symbol
symbol sign representing something that has an independent existence. The most important use of symbols is in language . To say so, however, does not solve the perennial philosophical questions as to the nature of the linguistic sign. Signs are usually iconic, or related to what they signify, wher...
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Mordecai Richler
Mordecai Richler 1931-2001, Canadian novelist, b. Montreal. He fled his native city in the early 1950s and lived mainly in London, returning to Canada in 1972 and from then on spending part of his year in London and part in Montreal. Reflecting his youth in that city, Richler's novels are often set...
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Ed Ruscha
Ed Ruscha (Edward Ruscha), 1937-, American artist, b. Omaha, Neb. He is closely associated with Los Angeles, where he moved to attend (1956-60) the Chouinard Art Institute. Cooly inventive and extremely influential, Ruscha uses imagery and language familiar from popular media and typically mingles ...
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Byzantine art and architecture
Byzantine art and architecture works of art and structures works produced in the city of Byzantium after Constantine made it the capital of the Roman Empire (AD 330) and the work done under Byzantine influence, as in Venice, Ravenna, Norman Sicily, as well as in Syria, Greece, Russia, and other Eas...
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Joseph Beuys
Joseph Beuys , 1921-86, German artist, b. Krefeld; one of the most influential of postmodern artists. Drafted into the Luftwaffe during World War II, he was wounded several times and in 1943 was shot down over Crimea. Nearly frozen, he was found by Tatar nomads who saved his life by wrapping him in ...
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Russian art and architecture
Russian art and architecture the artistic and architectural production of the geographical area of Russia.
Early Christian Works
With the Christianization of Russia in the late 10th cent. the Russian church and its art became subject to Constantinople (see Byzantine art and architecture ...
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