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Lateran Treaty
Lateran Treaty concordat between the Holy See and the kingdom of Italy signed in 1929 in the Lateran Palace, Rome, by Cardinal Gasparri for Pius XI and by Benito Mussolini for Victor Emmanuel III. One of the important negotiators was Cardinal Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII. In 1871 the unity of...
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recognition
recognition acknowledgment of the admission of new states into the international community by political action of states that are already members. Its derivation is found in the policy of the older European powers, which, after developing a system of binding diplomatic usage, refused to permit the ...
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Jonas Savimbi
Jonas Savimbi , 1934-2002, Angolan rebel leader. He was a founding member of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) in 1966. Savimbi was included in the interim independent government with Neto and Roberto in 1974 but returned to armed opposition when Neto's Marxist govern...
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Sir Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine
Sir Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine , 1807-64, Canadian political leader, b. Lower Canada (now Quebec). A lawyer, he entered (1830) the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada and supported Louis Joseph Papineau in his opposition to the British administration but did not approve of the rebellion of 1837. Af...
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Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Pierre Elliott Trudeau (Joseph Philippe Pierre Ives Elliott Trudeau) , 1919-2000, prime minister of Canada (1968-79, 1980-84), b. Montreal. He attended the Univ. of Montreal, Harvard, the École des Sciences Politiques in Paris, and the London School of Economics. A lawyer and law professor ...
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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama In Tibetan Buddhism, religious leader who is second only in importance to the Dalai Lama. In 1923, the ninth Panchen Lama fled to China because of disagreements with the Dalai Lama. In 1938, Bskal-bzang Tshe-brtan, a boy of Tibetan parentage, was born in China and later hailed by the...
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Micmac
Micmac Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages ). They inhabit Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Massachusetts, and Maine. French missionaries...
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annexation
annexation in international law, formal act by which a state asserts its sovereignty over a territory previously outside its jurisdiction. Many kinds of territory have been subject to annexation, chief among them those inhabited by settlers of the annexing power, those which already have had the st...
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F. W. de Klerk
F. W. de Klerk (Frederik Willem de Klerk) , 1936-, South African statesman, president of South Africa (1989-94). Holding ministerial posts from 1978, he became (1989) acting president when P. W. Botha resigned. Recognizing that black resistance to the white power monopoly would only increase, de...
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Vichy
Vichy , city (1990 pop. 28,048), Allier dept., central France, on the Allier River. Vichy's hot mineral springs have made it one of the foremost spas in Europe. In addition to bottled Vichy water, pharmaceuticals, clothing, and cosmetics are manufactured. The Vichy government was the regime set up...
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