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Giuseppe Cesari
Giuseppe Cesari called Cavaliere d'Arpino , 1568-1640, Italian late mannerist painter. Cesari's outstanding works are the frescoes in the Capitol and in the Borghese Chapel, Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome. Other works are Adam and Eve Expelled from Paradise (Louvre); a self-portrait (Uff...
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Manchester school
Manchester school group of English political economists of the 19th cent., so called because they met at Manchester. Their most outstanding leaders were Richard Cobden and John Bright . Their chief tenet was that the state should interfere as little as possible in economic matters (see laissez-...
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Juan de Pareja
Juan de Pareja , c.1610-70, Spanish religious and portrait painter, of Moorish origin. Pareja was the lifelong assistant of Velázquez, who painted his portrait (Metropolitan Mus.). His paintings show originality and an impetuous baroque temper. An outstanding work, the Calling of St. Matthew...
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John Burns
John Burns 1858-1943, British union leader and politician. A factory worker as a child, he was largely self-educated and was led by his reading to radical socialism. Burns became an outstanding orator, and in 1889 he was one of the leaders of the London dock strike, an attempt to organize the ill-p...
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motet
motet , name for the outstanding type of musical composition of the 13th cent. and for a different type that originated in the Renaissance. The 13th-century motet, a creation (c.1200) of the school of Notre-Dame de Paris, was a polyphonic composition based on a tenor that was a fragment of plainso...
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Cóbh
Cóbh [Irish,=cove], town (1991 pop. 8,219), Co. Cork, S Republic of Ireland, on the south shore of Great Island in Cork Harbour. Originally called Cove of Cork, the town was renamed Queenstown when Queen Victoria visited in 1849. It was named Cóbh in 1922. Cóbh has iron foundri...
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consols
consols contraction of consol idated annuitie s, a bond issue designed to consolidate two or more outstanding issues, used in reference to British government stock. Public borrowing began in England with the establishment of the Bank of England and the national debt (1693-94), and the growth of t...
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Arthur Honegger
Arthur Honegger , 1892-1955, Swiss-French composer, studied at the conservatories of Zürich and Paris. One of the group of Parisian composers called Les Six , he wrote music ranging from satire to intensely religious works that are marked by incisive rhythms and sharp dissonances, often the re...
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Walther Hermann Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst , 1864-1941, German physicist and chemist, a founder of modern physical chemistry. After doing outstanding research on osmotic pressure and electrochemistry, he turned to thermodynamics , establishing in 1906 a new tenet (often called the third law of thermodynamics) that dea...
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overture
overture instrumental musical composition written as an introduction to an opera, ballet, oratorio, musical, or play. The earliest Italian opera overtures were simply pieces of orchestral music and were called sinfonie. Jean Baptiste Lully standardized the French overture, using an opening sectio...
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