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Michael Haydn
Michael Haydn , 1737-1806, Austrian composer, younger brother of Franz Joseph Haydn . Haydn, largely self-taught, was noted especially for his sacred music. He was a friend of Mozart, whose Symphony No. 37 is actually Haydn's work with an introduction by Mozart. Toward the end of his life Haydn tau...
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Antonio Caldara
Antonio Caldara , c.1670-1736, Italian composer. In 1714, Caldara obtained a position at the imperial court in Vienna, where he remained until his death. He composed many operas and oratorios, other sacred and secular vocal music, and chamber works. His canons were especially popular. Franz Joseph H...
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Franz Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , 1732-1809, Austrian composer, one of the greatest masters of classical music. As a boy he sang in the choir at St. Stephen's, Vienna, where he received his principal musical training. He struggled in poverty for years, earning a meager living as a teacher and accompanist. Eventu...
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , 1756-91, Austrian composer, b. Salzburg. Mozart represents one of the great peaks in the history of music. His works, written in almost every conceivable genre, combine luminous beauty of sound with classical grace and technical perfection.
Early Years
A remarkabl...
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Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt , town (1991 pop. 10,102), capital of Burgenland, E Austria, at the foot of the Leitha Mts. It has orchards and vineyards and manufactures textiles and ski equipment. The composer Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), who lived in Eisenstadt for many years under the patronage of the Esterházy ...
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classicism
classicism a term that, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance, symmetry, and repose produced by attention to traditional forms. It is sometimes synonymous with excellence or artistic quality of high distinction. More precisely, the term refers to the admiration and imitation of Greek an...
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Domenico Dragonetti
Domenico Dragonetti , 1763-1846, Italian double-bass virtuoso. He appeared in opera houses in Europe and after 1794 in concerts in England. He was a friend of Beethoven and Haydn and left to the British Library a large and valuable collection of manuscripts and old instruments.
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baritone
baritone or barytone , male voice , in a lighter and higher range than a bass but lower than a tenor. The term also designates a bass stringed instrument, fretted, with six or seven bowed strings, and up to 20 sympathetic (i.e., unplayed but freely vibrating) strings. Haydn wrote many works for...
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contrabassoon
contrabassoon large, deep-toned instrument of the oboe family, also called double bassoon. Its tube, over 16 ft (5 m) long, is doubled upon itself four times. It was first made by Hans Schreiber of Berlin in 1620. Handel, Haydn, and Beethoven used it for special effects, but it was characterized by...
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hurdy-gurdy
hurdy-gurdy musical instrument with three strings, caused to vibrate by a wooden wheel turned by a crank. Stopping was accomplished by keys that usually affected only one string that played the melody, the others acting as drones. Usually two players were required. First described in the 10th cent....
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