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revolution
revolution in a political sense, fundamental and violent change in the values, political institutions, social structure, leadership, and policies of a society. The totality of change implicit in this definition distinguishes it from coups, rebellions, and wars of independence, which involve only... Read more |
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Kronshtadt
Kronshtadt , city, NW European Russia, on the small island of Kotlin in the Gulf of Finland, c.15 mi (20 km) from Saint Petersburg . It is one of the chief naval bases for the Russian Baltic fleet. The harbor is icebound for several months each year. It was founded (1703) by Peter I as a port and a... Read more |
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October Revolution
OCTOBER REVOLUTION During the October 1917 Russian Revolution, the liberal, western-oriented Provisional Government headed by Alexander Kerensky, which was established following the February 1917 Russian Revolution that overthrew Tsar Nicholas II, was removed and replaced by the first Soviet... Read more |
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Bastille
Bastille [O.Fr.,=fortress], fortress and state prison in Paris, located, until its demolition (started in 1789), near the site of the present Place de la Bastille. It was begun c.1369 by Hugh Aubriot, provost of the merchants [mayor] of Paris under King Charles V. Arbitrary and secret imprisonment... Read more |
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Lubyanka
LUBYANKA The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission on the Struggle Against Counter-Revolution, Sabotage, and Speculation (VCHk, or Cheka) was founded by the Bolsheviks in December 1917. Headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky, it was responsible for liquidating counterrevolutionary elements and remanding... Read more |
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Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev
Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev , 1857-1918, Russian general, chief of staff (1915-17) of Czar Nicholas II . With other officers he urged the czar to abdicate in favor of the czarevich in order to save the dynasty prior to the Russian Revolution. Alekseyev was briefly chief of staff in the... Read more |
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Anatoli Vasilyevich Lunacharsky
Anatoli Vasilyevich Lunacharsky , 1875-1933, Russian revolutionary, dramatist, and critic. He began his revolutionary career in 1892 and joined the Bolshevik party when it appeared, forming with Gorky and Bogdanov the left wing of the group, which was in opposition to Lenin . Later he was Lenin's... Read more |
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Reflections on the Revolution in France
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White Army
WHITE ARMY Within weeks of the October 1917 Revolution, thousands of tsarist officers and supporters of the Provisional Government began armed resistance against the new regime. The Bolsheviks, who saw the anticommunists as more united than they actually were, named these men "White," a term taken... Read more |
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Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky , 1893-1937, Soviet marshal. An officer in the czarist army from 1914, he joined (1918) the Bolshevik party after the Russian Revolution and held important commands in the civil war of 1918-20 and the Russo-Polish war of 1920. Tukhachevsky was instrumental in... Read more |
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A new Europe for the old?(Brief Article)
...ascent of the Bolsheviks. For many...West, the Russian Revolution played the...century that the French Revolution...makes the comparison difficult...much that the Bolshevik ... |