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Aymer of Valence
Aymer of Valence , d. 1260, bishop of Winchester; son of Isabella (widow of King John of England) and Hugh X, count of La Marche. He was thus half brother of King Henry III of England. He is sometimes called Æthelmar. Henry forced the chapter of Winchester to elect Aymer bishop in 1250, but... Read more |
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AEthelburg
Æthelburg (b. c.605) was the Christian daughter of Æthelbert of Kent. Her marriage to the Northumbrian king Edwin (625) brought about his baptism and the initial conversion of his kingdom by Bishop Paulinus, who had accompanied her north. Edwin's defeat and death in 633 forced queen... Read more |
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Saint Paulinus
Saint Paulinus , d. 644, Italian missionary, bishop of York (625-33). He was a Roman monk who went to England with the mission of St. Augustine of Canterbury in 601. For some years he worked in Kent, then went as archbishop to Northumbria. Paulinus succeeded temporarily in converting Northumbria... Read more |
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Leonidas
Leonidas , d. 480 BC, king of Sparta. He succeeded (c.491 BC) his half brother, Cleomenes I. When the Persians invaded Greece under Xerxes (480 BC), Leonidas with 300 Spartans and 5,000 auxiliaries was given the pass at Thermopylae to hold. There was treachery. Most of the Greeks got away, but the... Read more |
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Antimilitarism
23. Antimilitarism (See also Peace, Peacemaking.) All Quiet on the Western Front unromanticized novel of WWI and its unsung heroes. [Ger. Lit.: All Quiet on the Western Front ] Arjuna called upon by duty to be a warrior, he refuses to join the fratricidal battle. [Hindu Lit.: The... Read more |
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Jewish Colonization Association
JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSOCIATION Philanthropic organization (also known as the ICA and the PICA, or Palestine Jewish Colonization Association) founded in 1891. Baron Maurice de Hirsch founded the ICA to assist Jews in Europe and Asia to flee persecution and go to countries in the Western... Read more |
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diocese of London
London, diocese of. The senior see after the two archbishoprics, it comprises Greater London and part of Surrey north of the Thames. Though a British bishop from London attended the Council of Arles in 314, Augustine did not establish a diocese for the East Saxons until 604, but pagan reaction soon... Read more |
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kingdom of Essex
Essex, kingdom of. Essex was formed in the 6th cent. by Saxon settlers established to the north of the Thames estuary and east of the river Lea and London. The ruling dynasty claimed descent from an obscure Saxon deity, Seaxneat, rather than from Woden, and there are puzzles about the intensity of... Read more |
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Eleutherios Venizelos
Eleutherios Venizelos The Greek statesman Eleutherios Venizelos (1864-1936) ranks as the most important figure in early-20th-century Greek politics. He won his country over to the Allied side in World War I and then achieved prominence as an international statesman. Eleutherios Venizelos was... Read more |
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Max Beckmann
Max Beckmann , 1884-1950, German painter. A member of the Berlin secession from 1908 to 1911, he was impressionistic in his early style. A subsequent expressionistic phase was altered c.1917 by the savage new objectivity of George Grosz . Beckmann developed a richer, more personal, more... Read more |
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