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	Innocent VIII Innocent VIII 1432-92, pope (1484-92), a Genoese named Giovanni Battista Cibo; successor of Sixtus IV. He was made a cardinal in 1473. His close friend, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Pope Julius II), largely directed the papal affairs. Like his predecessors, Innocent wished to stop the... Read more
	Girolamo Savonarola Girolamo Savonarola , 1452-98, Italian religious reformer, b. Ferrara. He joined (1475) the Dominicans. In 1481 he went to San Marco, the Dominican house at Florence, where he became popular for his eloquent sermons, in which he attacked the vice and worldliness of the city, as well as for his... Read more
	Fra Bartolommeo della Porta Bartolommeo, Fra ( Baccio della Porta) (b Florence, 28 Mar. 1472; d Florence, 31 Oct. 1517). Florentine painter, a leading figure of the High Renaissance. He trained under Cosimo Rosselli and in about 1494 set up a joint workshop with Mariotto Albertinelli, who had been his fellow pupil. Little... Read more
	Conte Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Conte , 1463-94, Italian philosopher and humanist. To many in the age of the Renaissance, Pico was the ideal man, whose physical beauty reflected his inner harmony. He appears in Il Cortegiano of Baldassare Castiglione. In 1484 he went to Florence where he soon... Read more
	Demagoguery 171. Demagoguery Hague, Frank (1876–1956) corrupt mayor of Jersey City, N. J., for 30 years. [Am. Hist.: NCE, 1173] Long, Huey P. (1893–1935) infamous “Kingfish” of Louisiana politics. [Am. Hist.: NCE, 1607] Pendergast, Thomas J. (1872–1945) political... Read more
	Fra Bartolommeo di Pagholo del Fattorino Fra Bartolommeo di Pagholo del Fattorino , 1475-1517, Italian painter, also called Baccio della Porta. Under the influence of Savonarola, he joined (1500) the Dominican order. He abandoned art for a while, but resumed practice in 1504, becoming the leading Florentine master for a number of years. He... Read more
	Piero de Medici Piero de' Medici 1471-1503, Italian merchant prince. He succeeded his father, Lorenzo de' Medici (Lorenzo il Magnifico), as head of the Medici family and as leader of the Florentine state. In 1494 he surrendered the chief fortresses of Tuscany to the invading army of Charles VIII of France. The... Read more
	Counter Reformation Counter Reformation 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants' revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the... Read more
	Alexander VI Alexander VI 1431?-1503, pope (1492-1503), a Spaniard (b. Játiva) named Rodrigo de Borja or, in Italian, Rodrigo Borgia; successor of Innocent VIII. He took Borja as his surname from his mother's brother Alfonso, who was Pope Calixtus III. Rodrigo became cardinal (1456), vice chancellor of... Read more
	Michelangelo Buonarroti Michelangelo Buonarroti , 1475-1564, Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet, b. Caprese, Tuscany. Early Life and Work Michelangelo drew extensively as a child, and his father placed him under the tutelage of Ghirlandaio , a respected artist of the day. After one unproductive year,... Read more