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aria
aria , elaborate and often lengthy solo song with instrumental accompaniment. In the 16th cent. it was a melody improvised over a strophic bass line, and a distinction was made between instrumental, vocal, and dance arias. the use of the term to indicate instrumental music was continued by such... Read more |
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Gil Gonzalez de Avila
Gil González de Ávila , d. 1543, Spanish conquistador. Despite the opposition of Pedro Arias de Ávila , he conquered Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua in 1522. He then fled to the island of Hispaniola to avoid trouble with Arias de Ávila. His claims were usurped (1523)... Read more |
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Eileen Farrell
Eileen Farrell , 1920-2002, American dramatic soprano, b. Willimantic, Conn. Farrell received her early musical training from her vaudvillian mother. Having begun singing on the radio, she made concert tours in the United States (1947-48) and South America (1949), and throughout her career sang pop,... Read more |
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cantata
cantata [Ital.,=sung], composite musical form similar to a short unacted opera or brief oratorio , developed in Italy in the baroque period. The term was first used in 1620 to refer to strophic variations in the voice part over a recurrent melody in the bass accompaniment. Gradually the cantata... Read more |
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New Granada
New Granada , former Spanish colony, N South America. It included at its greatest extent present Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. Between 1499 and 1510 a host of conquerors explored the Caribbean coast of Panama and South America. After 1514, Pedro Arias de Ávila was successful in... Read more |
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Giulio Caccini
Giulio Caccini , c.1546-1618, Italian composer and singer. Both he and Peri composed settings of Ottavio Rinuccini's Euridice (1600), the earliest operas of which the music is extant. Nuove musiche (1601), a collection of his madrigals and arias, is the most important collection among the early... Read more |
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Pietro Francesco Cavalli
Pietro Francesco Cavalli , 1602-76, Italian composer, whose real name was Caletti-Bruni; pupil of Monteverdi, whom he succeeded as choirmaster of St. Mark's, Venice. He wrote many operas, including Didone (1641), Giasone (1649), Serse (1654), and Ercole Amante (1662), all of which show the... Read more |
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Pedrarias
Pedrarias The Spanish conqueror Pedrarias (ca. 1440-1531), or Pedro Arias de Avila in full, has a reputation as a bloodthirsty tyrant. His positive achievements, however, included the founding of Panama City and Nicaragua. Pedrarias was born in Segovia and in early life won distinction as a... Read more |
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Arnulfo Arias
Arnulfo Arias , 1901-88, president of Panama (1940-41, 1949-51, Oct., 1968). A Harvard-trained physician, he led the coup that deposed President Florencio Harmodio Arosemena in 1931. He subsequently served in cabinet and diplomatic posts. In 1940, he was elected president by an unprecedented... Read more |
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Oscar Arias Sanchez
Oscar Arias Sánchez , 1941-, president of Costa Rica (1986-90, 2006-). He was financial adviser to the president (1970-72), minister of national planning (1972-77), and congressman (1978-82). As president, he attempted to address Costa Rica's massive economic problems; his chief concern,... Read more |
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